P DMD X BOWEL PERF RISK

 A

Here are concise bullet-point gist taglines you can use (e.g., for a slide or executive summary):

• Gastrointestinal perforation is a rare but life-threatening complication in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD).

• Evidence limited to case reports and small series; no paediatric-specific guidelines identified.

• Gastric and colonic perforations reported, often linked to bowel dysmotility and smooth muscle weakness.

• High peri-operative risk due to cardiorespiratory compromise in DMD.

• Both operative and non-operative management strategies described in high-risk patients.

• Early recognition of acute abdominal symptoms is critical to reduce morbidity and mortality.

• Multidisciplinary management essential (surgical, respiratory, cardiac, nutritional support).

• Further research needed to guide paediatric risk stratification and management pathways.