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Tmesis is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is split apart and another word is inserted between the parts.
Common examples in English include:
abso-bloody-lutely (from absolutely)
un-freaking-believable (from unbelievable)
fan-bloody-tastic (from fantastic)
The inserted element is often used for emphasis, humor, or emotional effect.
The term comes from the Greek tmēsis ("a cutting"), and in classical languages it could involve separating parts of a compound word that normally belonged together. For example, in ancient Greek poetry a preverb might be separated from its verb.
So if someone says:
"That was un-freaking-believable!"
the word unbelievable has undergone tmesis.
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