HADROCODIUM - 1ST MAMMAL 150 MYA FROM REPTILES TODAY TO 5700 SPECIES OF MAMMALS X SN TV ATTENBOROUGH

 HADROCODIUM - 1ST MAMMAL 150 MYA FROM REPTILES TODAY TO 5700 SPECIES OF MAMMALS- RISE OF THE ANIMALS 

MAMMALS WARM BLOODED, REPTILES COLD BLOODED-

MAMMALS CAN FORAGE OUT AT NIGHT

POWERFUL SENSE OF SMELL IN DARK- BIG OLFACTORY BULBS

MALLEUS INCUS STAPES EVOLVED IN MAMMAALS - ADVANTAGE OVER REPTILES TO HEAR HIGHER FREQUENCY SOUND

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MONOTREMES - PLATYPUS, ECNIDA, SPLIT V EARLY FROM MAMMALS

THEY LAY EGGS

BUT THEY NURSE BABIES WITH MILK

MILK IS ON TAP- NONE GETS WASTE 

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DWM A few cups of green tea each day is linked to weight loss, research finds.

Four cups of green tea was linked to 5.5 pounds of weight loss in eight weeks by one study.

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Have we all become more Angry?

I have had a busy week in my clinics with a lot of operating to do. I have also notices patients are impatient and get angry and are wanting- wanting to be seen, wanting surgery, wanting results and it just does not stop. Dealing with angry patients is tiring and an article I read recently on why there is concern about everyone becoming more angry.

A recent Global Emotions Report, surveying 160,000 people in 116 countries during 2020 and early 2021 revealed that people felt more angry, stressed, sad and worried in 2020 than at any point before. While the worldwide pandemic is a major contributor, feeling happy has been on a downward trend for over a decade.

Cities and emotional wellbeing are intimately linked, and although city dwellers are typically wealthier, living in an urban sprawl is associated with greater stress and a significantly increased risk of mental health disorders (by 20-40%). Is stress making us angrier than ever?

A study published in Nature investigated the effects of city living on the way that the brain processes stress. City life was associated with increased activity in a brain structure called the amygdala. This area is also critically implicated in anger and aggression, and with stress and anger sharing neural circuitry, it helps explain why individuals in stressful and threatening environments display higher levels of anger and irritability. Growing up in a city affected the area in the brain involved in regulating stress and emotions. Stress and the city appear to affect the brain structures involved in expressing anger and controlling it. That’s what we call a double whammy.

Anger and stress are physical reactions and they both trigger the ‘fight or flight’ response, flooding the body with hormones (such as adrenaline and cortisol) that produce distinct physiological changes.

Stress is a reaction to demands that we find overwhelming (you’re under pressure at work when your boss gives you another task. Now you feel like you have more than you can handle). Anger is a response to the way that we interpret a situation and is often related to feeling attacked, hurt, mistreated and frustrated.

The root of anger is said to be fear, but is this really the case? Psychologists sometimes refer to anger as a secondary emotion, and with a little digging, you might discover that another feeling is giving rise to anger. From a psychological perspective, we experience anger when a rule that we hold about the world is violated. That is our personal rules about the way that the world should be are influenced by our unique experiences, including our upbringing and past relationships. That is why the causes of anger varies from person to person.

Anger is a natural, human experience. However, it can be destructive when we act in unhelpful ways. The key to a balanced and healthy life therefore lies in how we relate to our anger. Bringing down general stress levels is an important long-term way to reduce outbursts. What is your antidotte to stress? Running, yoga, kick-boxing, meditation, singing, gardening. writing or chatting with a friend?

Here is the evidence-based three-step strategy to channel rage for a positive outcome.

The ABC Of Anger management

1. Acknowledge your anger

Be aware of the signals that you are about to turn into the Hulk, including physical sensations (feeling hot), thoughts (‘this isn’t fair’) and behaviours (raising your voice). Once you recognise your emotion, call it by its name and put into words how you feel. ‘Hello anger. I’m feeling frustrated right now.’ This may seem weird at first and you might not want to say this out loud, but neuroscience has confirmed this strategy is an effective way to manage anger. Simply labelling an emotion dampens the activity in response to negative circumstances.

2. Breathe slowly and deeply

Breathe out for longer than you breathe in (for example, in for four seconds, out for eight). Research shows this activates the parasympathetic nervous system, calming your body by reducing your heart rate. Rather than becoming consumed by anger, you’re giving yourself something else to focus on.

3. Choose your actions

Anger can be constructive, motivating us to change. In the midst of anger, the part of our brain responsible for making sensible long-term decisions goes offline, this makes us act ineffectively and do something that will worsen the situation. Remember, you can still address the situation and right any wrongs after the fury train has ground to a halt. Once you can think clearly and explore why you are angry then you can take the most effective course of action.

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MAMMALS >>>>  MARSUPIALS >>>>

JURAMIA - JURASSIC MOTHER- 160 MYA 

EARLIEST -WOMB CARRYING - PLACENTAL 

ELEPHANT PREGY IS 22 MO

MESSEL PIT, GERMANY

PRIMATES EVOLVED OPPOSABLE THUMBS/TOES TO CLIMB TREES 

EVOLVED COLOUR VISION TO DETECT FRUITS 

PLANTS DEVELOPED COLOR CODING SYSTEM TO SIGNAL IF SEED IS MATURE

GREEN FRUIT TO RED RIPE FRUIT

MAMMALS REACQUIRED COLOR VISION - BIRDS AND REPTILES RETAINED COLOR VISION 

47 MYA - SAVANNISATION - MEGAAFAUNA APPEARED

ELEPHANT IS FEW MEGAFAUNA WHO HAS SURVIVED

MEGAFAUNA EXTINCTION -2.5 YA ICE SHEET AGE OR HUMAN ACTIVITY ?

BIPEDAL PRIMATE BIG CRANIAL CAPACITY - HUMAN , 68KYA FOSSIL IN CHINA - MADE WEAPONS , COOP FOR HUNTING - SPREAD FROM AFRICA 

MOULDABLE SEPARATE BONES FOR BIRTH- THEN BRAIN GROWS AFTER BIRTH - BRAIN GROWS FOR 2 YRS 

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Tamil has a very rich literary heritage and a long literary tradition spanning more than 2500 years and may be far older than that. The history of Tamil literature is an integral part of the history of Tamil Nadu and  closely linked with the social, political and cultural trends of the various periods. 

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The object of their religion was to propitiate these innumerable spirits. At the same time, each village seems to have been under the protection of some one  spirit, who was its guardian deity. Probably these village deities came into being at the period when the  people began to settle down in agricultural communities. We may see in them the germs of the national deities which were so prominent among the Semitic races and the great empires of Egypt, Nineveh, and Babylon.  Where the family developed into a clan, and the clan  into a tribe, and the tribe into a nation, and the nation  into a conquering empire, the god of the family naturally  developed into an imperial deity.

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THE worship of the Village Deity, or grama-dcvata, as it is called in Sanskrit and in Tamil, forms an important part of the conglomerate of religious beliefs, customs, and ceremonies which are generally classed together under the term Hinduism. In almost every village and town of South India may be seen a shrine  or symbol of the grama-devata, and in every village the grama-devata is periodically worshipped and propitiated. As a rule this shrine is far less imposing than the Brahmanical temples in the neighbourhood ; very often it is nothing more than a small brick building three are four feet high, or a small enclosure with a few rough stones in the centre ; and often there is no shrine at all ; but still, when calamity overtakes the village, when pestilence or famine or cattle disease makes its appearance, it is to the village deity that the whole body of the villagers turn for protection. Siva and Vishnu may be more dignified beings, but the village deity is regarded as a more present help in trouble, and is more intimately concerned with the happiness and prosperity of the villagers. The village deities and their worship are widely different from the popular Hindu deities, Siva and Vishnu, and the worship that centres in the great Hindu temples.

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Tamil is older than Sanskrit and there is record of 'Tamil Sangam' dating back 4,500 years,

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GEOSPHERE > BIOSPHERE >TECHNOSPHERE

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Their wives, it is true, play an important part in Hindu religious life Kali especially, the "black one," the wife of Siva, is the presiding deity of Calcutta, and is one of the chief deities of Bengal but, speaking generally, in the Hindu pantheon the male deities are predominant and the female deities occupy a subordinate position. This is characteristic of the genius of the Aryan religion, but in the old Dravidian cults a leading feature was the worship of the female principle in nature. It is possible that this is due to the fact that the Aryan deities were the gods of a race of warriors, whereas the Dravidian deities were the goddesses of an agricultural people. All over the world, the gods of war are mostly male, while the agricultural deities are, for the most part, female ; and this naturally arises from the fact that war is the business of men, whereas, among primitive peoples, the cultivation of the fields was largely left to the women, and also from the fact that the idea of fertility is naturally connected with the female. All over Southern India, therefore, the 

village deities are almost exclusively female

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LION ROAR CAN BE HEARD UPTO 8 KM ie 5 MILES AWAY

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NO LONG OXYTOCIN IN THE JUNGLE ANIMALS- JUST BIOSAR

PREDATOR -PREY - FOOD V LYF JUST BIOSAR

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Hindu identity amidst other Indian religions

Scholars state that Hindu, Buddhist and Jain identities are retrospectively-introduced modern constructions

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DOUBLE HULL OF SHIP

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The Gir forest national park wildlife sanctuary is a forest and wildlife sanctuary in Gujarat, India. It is the world's only place where lions and tigers coexist.

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Sacred geography

Scholars such as Fleming and Eck state that the post-Epic era literature from the 1st millennium CE amply demonstrate that there was a historic concept of the Indian subcontinent as a sacred geography, where the sacredness was a shared set religious ideas. For example, the twelve Jyotirlingas of Shaivism and fifty-one Shaktipithas of Shaktism are described in the early medieval era Puranas as pilgrimage sites around a theme. This sacred geography and Shaiva temples with same iconography, shared themes, motifs and embedded legends are found across India, from the Himalayas to hills of South India, from Ellora Caves to Varanasi by about the middle of 1st millennium. Shakti temples, dated to a few centuries later, are verifiable across the subcontinent. Varanasi as a sacred pilgrimage site is documented in the      Varanasi mahatmya text embedded inside the Skanda Purana, and the oldest versions of this text are dated to 6th to 8th-century CE.

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When we really get a feeling for the coming and going of moments, it helps us break the illusion of a solid, separate self, which gives us relief from suffering.
    
Loch Kelly, “When Am I?”

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75% of world population will be affected by droughts by 2050

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দেবর্ষি মৈত্র।
নিজস্ব চিত্র।

গুগলে দেড় কোটি টাকা বেতনের চাকরি পেলেন নদিয়ার কৃষ্ণনগরের ঘূর্ণির তরুণ দেবর্ষি মৈত্র। দিন কয়েক আগে গুগলের তরফে ইমেল করে বিষয়টি জানানো দেবর্ষিকে। সন্তানের এই সাফল্যে উচ্ছ্বসিত দেবর্ষির মা এবং বাবা। ঘূর্ণির মধ্যবিত্ত পরিবারের সন্তান দেবর্ষি। এলাকায় কৃতী ছাত্র হিসেবে পরিচিতি তাঁর। কৃষ্ণনগর কলেজিয়েট স্কুল থেকে ২০১৬ সালের মাধ্যমিক পাশ করেন তিনি। ওই বিদ্যালয় থেকেই উচ্চমাধ্যমিক পাশ করার পর জয়েন্ট এন্ট্রান্স দিয়ে যাদবপুর বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে প্রোডাকশন ইঞ্জিনিয়ারিংয়ে ভর্তি হন। চতুর্থ বর্ষের পরীক্ষার পর নিজেই গুগলের সঙ্গে যোগাযোগ করেন দেবর্ষি। অনলাইন পরীক্ষায় কয়েক ধাপ এগোনোর পর চাকরি পাকা হয়ে যায় দেবর্ষির।