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Summary of Cephalhaematoma in Sweden, a Population-Based Register Study
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Aim: Investigate the incidence, birth characteristics, and timing of diagnosis of cephalhaematoma (CH), and explore its associations with neonatal and infant complications.
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Methods: Nationwide population-based study of infants (<12 months) born in Sweden from 1997 to 2018. Data was retrieved from health registers of the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare, focusing on infants diagnosed with birth-related CH.
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Results:
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Incidence: 2.2 per 1000 births, with an increase during the study period.
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Risk Factors: Ventouse delivery, preterm birth, large-for-gestational age, occiput posterior presentation.
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Diagnosis Timing: Two-thirds were diagnosed before 7 days of life; delayed diagnoses became more common post-2000.
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Complications:
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Increased risk of jaundice (10%).
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Associated with hypoxic encephalopathy (2.5%), convulsions (3.5%), skull fractures (0.6%), intraventricular haemorrhage (0.2%), subdural haemorrhage (0.5%), and stroke (0.2%).
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Conclusion: Many CH cases were diagnosed late. While most cases did not show severe trauma symptoms, CH was linked to intracranial hemorrhage.
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