Monday 21 February 2022

AROSH

 CP- AT RISK OF SIG HARM

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Am I creating thoughts or are thoughts just flowing and I’m getting identified with it? What is thinking? Am I thinking or are thoughts just flowing? Does life occur because of the flow of these thoughts that I have no control over?

Thanks for the question!

I’m on the hook for this, because I go around Quora saying things will be better without so much thought.

First, non-thinking is the cure, but “don’t think” isn’t the prescription.

If you tell someone not to do something, they’ll do it more.

The method is:

Turn toward silence, because you love it more than thinking, you just forgot.

It’s also a greater source of wisdom than thought.

Are you creating thoughts?

Yes, of course.

Show me a tradition that says you can’t stop thinking, and I’ll show you an intellectual tradition.

If you go to a treatment center and they say you can’t stop drinking, ask for your money back.

Does life occur because of these thoughts?

What you miscall life occurs because of these thoughts.

This waiting room between birth and death is the child of thought.

What is beyond thought?

That’s for you to find out.

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Be silent and calm in meditation every night for at least half an hour, preferably much longer, before you retire, and again in the morning before starting the day's activity. This will produce an undaunted, unbreakable inner habit of happiness that will make you able to meet all the trying situations of the everyday battle of life. With that unchangeable happiness within, go about seeking to fulfill the demands of your daily needs.

Paramahansa Yogananda

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RBR Jan’s son Robbie’s memories stretch back to a past life. As a child, he had recurring dreams and woke up saying, “I came from Red Roshi Land. The people wore red robes. I saw a big re in Red Roshi Land. We had to go away.” At other times, he said, “I went back to Red Roshi Land. I remember a re, and we had to travel over the mountains.” Jan recognized Robbie’s description of the ight from Tibet during the Chinese takeover. “My son looked like a little monk in his baby pictures. An intuitive told me, ‘Your children came straight from Tibet.’ I feel that Robbie chose me as a mother, knowing he would have contact with spiritual teachers. Even before his rst birthday, he attended the fourteenth Dalai Lama’s empowerment ceremony. He also received blessings from Buddhist and Hindu masters. At ten, Robbie sat in the full lotus posture during his father’s Zen priesthood ordination. Later, at twelve, Robbie expressed a desire to become a monk.”


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What is the ego?

First, let’s look at this as if ‘ego’ really exists :-)

Ego is the mistake we make of thinking there is a separate “me,” a cohesive, centrally-located (in our headless ‘head’) being called “I” or “me,” and then identifying with it.

Ego is the mistake we make of thinking that separate “me” is separate from all other entities and from the Awareness that underlies everything.

Ego is the moment-by-moment continuity of that mistake, our insistence and absolute certainty that we really are a separate psychological entity.

So you ask, “Why does ego make that mistake, and continue making it? I thought there were no mistakes in this perfect Universe”

The answer leads us to the second part, but first, notice that the only thing that would even ask that question is…wait for it…the ego!:-) Because only a psychological sense of a separate “me,” would ever care about making mistakes. Once there’s no sense of a separate “me,” there could be no mistakes…only what Is.

So Second, let’s get Real. There is no such thing as the ego. The ego doesn’t exist. It’s just a concept, a label, assigned to what “we” think are “our” individual choices and actions, when in fact there really isn’t any “we,” and “we” are not the Doer. There is only the One Self. Or if you prefer, Being, Consciousness, pure Awareness, the Emptiness, God. It doesn’t matter - all those are just conceptual labels, too, just like ‘ego.’

It remains one of the most exquisite paradoxes of the so-called ‘spiritual path,’ that the only thing that thinks there really is ‘the ego,’ and needs to work on getting rid of it…is the ego!

You don’t really have a separate ego that leads you astray from the ‘path’ and keeps you from seeing Enlightenment or your True Nature. That’s all spiritual materialism. Don’t think “you” are so important or arrogant. “You” are only a false concept. There is only The One, unfolding perfectly and exactly as It deems, not “you.”

So what to do about this thing that seems to exist, but actually doesn’t? That seems to get in the way of your ‘progress’ (as if you had somewhere to go:-) but actually doesn’t.

Ignore it! Cut yourself a big break. Surrender this ‘ego’ and all your illusory Doership. Meditate, yes. Be kind to others, sure. Live a simple, non-gluttonous life, absolutely. But don’t get wrapped up in “your” progress, “your” path, “your” ego.

If you notice you are ‘strongly identified’ with your false psychological self, and then after a year or two of really meditating hard and really being kind and selfless, and really living a simple, desire-free life, you’re still strongly identified with your false psychological self, so what? The only thing that would care about your ‘progress’ or be frustrated by not moving past your self-centered ego is…your ego…which doesn’t exist! Don’t go around in circles! Let go! Let the ‘e’-go. Just relax, “Be as you are,” (Ramana Maharshi) and feel the Motion of the One, moving All Things, infinitely far behind your supposed ‘personal’ choices.

BTW: This is my straightforward, ‘explainify’ type of answer, as tends to be my style. For a ‘much more fun’ answer, check out the one from my friend Edg Duveyoung, whose answers tend to be so humorous, they can make your ‘ego’ pee its pants 😂


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The Channeling of Stillness and The Big Shift
When things become noisy around me, I use awareness to tune into the Moment, the Now, untouched by the mind.
When mental chatter stops, I enter a place of stillness, where I can hear the balming whisper of my soul which has no words, only the gentle reassurance that "I am," and that I am loved like everybody else, deep from within, the archetype of a mother, and the only response I can return is love.
When ask what is my spiritual life like? It’s just this:
Unease makes me change direction and love leads me on the right path. When I feel peace in my heart I know I am heading along the right direction. It is so simply any child can follow it.
All know a universal shift is taking place and everyone agrees. Big Shifts in economics, socio-politics, in the environment, the climate, geopolitically but in particular in consciousness.
I first became aware of The Shift on my retreat in 2013 in Scotland which I documented in my book “The Ten Minute Moment”.
The Shift for me meant Awakening to my Higher Self. Becoming Self-Aware, aware of love and that the mind with its myriads of beliefs, ideas and opinions, will no longer separate me from others or put me on a pedestal.
This is how the Big Shift in consciousness will impact our lives:
We will be able to accept our differences without falling out or becoming enemies. We will live side by side in peace regardless of who we are, in the same way as different flowers grow side by side to adorn our gardens.
We will be able to accommodate our differences of beliefs, partisanships, interests and opinions without animosity, but show tolerance, understanding and negotiate for our mutual benefit.
We will no longer tolerate being preached at like little children and any sermon we may benefit from will be received directly from within our own hearts. Nor will we depend on spiritual authorities, guides and teachers, because our inner guide will be our very soul, not spirits from an alien worlds. We will control our own destiny as we were intended to by our very creators.
We are able to connect directly to our source and not depend on other people and this way become our own sovereign entities, rejoice in the freedom and independence this will bring.
We can not be affected by the judgments of others or depend on their approval.
Instead of seeking our salvation in pleasuring our senses we appreciate the simple joys of everyday life which knows no greed. We no longer blind ourselves by seeking outside miracles but find the miraculous in everyday life.
Death is no longer a thing to be afraid of, because we will experience life as a continuum.
We no longer fall victim to conspiracy theories and find truth shining brightly like a torch light without even having to think about it. And when we speak truth it will be transported by love and understanding.
Our heart will be employed naturally as our organ of communication instead of the mind with its beliefs, opinions and agendas. We will listen with the heart, speak through the heart and see through the heart where we will appreciate with gratitude the richness of life which is given to us.
We will love our fellow travelers and no longer encounter strangers, because we all share the same home. Our home is wherever we set foot.
This is the shift as I see it. It will not happen over night, but it is sure to happen when we no longer view and judge the world through our beliefs and opinions but open the channel to our soul.

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Is this world real or fake?

Sri Adi Shankaracharya, the great master of Advaita who lived in the early part of the 8th Century said, “Brahma satya jagat mithya, jivo brahmaiva naparah”. It means Brahman (name of the Ultimate Reality) is the only truth, the world is illusory, and there is ultimately no difference between the individual Self and the Brahman.

Mithya means neither true nor false. The world cannot be false because we all clearly see and perceive it. Shankaracharya says that the world is not true either, because it is constantly changing and everything that the world has to offer is temporary, transient and impermanent.

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 Ramana maharshi said this as well. In the 3 states - Jaagrat, Susupthi, Swapna - all 3 are perceived realities but arent.

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rbr 



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He was wonderful, creative and a kind soul. Turned the grey skies blue."

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om tat sat 
 To clearly see the Jagatha Mityam. It appears in appearance, but it is not true, you alone is true, again from where you come? because you are that.

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No one believes when Sankaracharya said ,

When Elon Musk said “ we were probably living in an simulation” some people believed that.


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‘Real’ is a word which lives in high ambiguity…. A grade undescribable…. It's below the truth and above certainity. The world you see may seem real, but in truth, is empty. Devoid of essence to fulfill the ‘true seeker’. No definition nor description. It's a mirage to the non-seeker and real water for the enlightened!


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written what Rumi composed in “I Died as a Mineral”? 

First into the state of mineral he came; 

And then, as vegetable, ages spent, forgetting all he felt as mineral. 

Then into the state of animal he passed, oblivious of the vegetable state; Ascending thus, stage after stage, he now is man, intelligent, knowing and strong, 

Yet forgetful of his previous states. 

From this stage of intelligence also he has to rise, 

Since it is full of greeds and clingings to small things and jealousies. 

When he has done so, then a myriad of paths of knowledge, wonder, and great mysteries, 

Will open out before him endless … till he laughs at Him-Self in ecstasy.4


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Meditation is not about experiences but about a slow and gradual transformation into a joyful, fulfilling and illuminated life.

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YTMC includes the concept of modulations of mind like sleep, memory, mind wandering, perception and inference from the Yoga Sutras which suggests that the mind is aligned with the seer unless the mind is in one of these modulations. Meditation and finer states like samadhi can occur when the mind reins in the modulations and becomes aware of the seer. Being established in the seer consciousness has been the goal for self-realization according to the Yogic texts.

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In 1976, the American psychologist Julian Jaynes (lived 1920 – 1997) published a controversial book titled The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. In this book, Jaynes claimed that human beings were not conscious of their own thoughts until around 1000 BC and that stories about gods speaking to people originated from people hearing their own inner voices and mistaking them for the voices of external deities telling them what to do.

Jaynes’s claims were regarded as fringe, baseless, and bizarre even when he first proposed them back in the 1970s and today they are almost universally regarded by psychologists as the debunked relic of an earlier, less scientific stage in the development of modern psychology. Nonetheless, Jaynes’s hypothesis of the bicameral mind has garnered something of a cult following among non-scholars and has had considerable influence in popular culture, so I suppose it is worth writing a lengthy rebuttal to it.

Jaynes’s hypothesis

First, let me summarize the basic gist of what Julian Jaynes argues in his book. In the book, Jaynes argues that the human mind was once divided into two separate parts: a part which seemed to be speaking and a part which listened and obeyed. He thought that people in ancient times mistook this inner voice for the voice of a divine figure commanding them to do things. Jaynes called this idea of the mind being divided into two parts “bicameralism.”

Jaynes argued that the bicameral mind broke down around 3,000 years ago around the same time of the end of the Bronze Age in the eastern Mediterranean. According Jaynes, with the breakdown of the bicameral mind came the beginnings of modern consciousness. He posits that the people we call “schizophrenics” are actually people who have retained vestiges of the original bicameral mind and that, if anyone from ancient times were alive today, we would probably call them “schizophrenic” as well.

ABOVE: Photograph of Julian Jaynes holding a model of a human brain—or maybe he is holding his own, actual brain and that is why he had so many crazy ideas about consciousness

Reception of Jaynes’s hypothesis

Reception of Jaynes’s hypothesis among psychologists in the 1970s was, to put it lightly, not overwhelmingly good. In a paper published in January 1979, a scholar named William Thomas Jones wrote an article titled “Mr. Jaynes and the Bicameral Mind: A Case Study in the Sociology of Belief,” examining the question of how on Earth any intelligent person could possibly believe Jaynes’s hypothesis. At the end of the very first paragraph, Jones writes:

“To think of the book as a case study in the sociology of belief, justifies our making a rather detailed analysis of it: only in this way can we see how implausible Mr. Jaynes conclusions are and so lay the basis for answering the question: Why, despite its implausibility, is the book taken seriously by thoughtful and intelligent people?”

Jones concludes that people only take Jaynes’s idea of the bicameral mind seriously because they have an aversion to the ideas of Darwinian evolution and natural selection, they have a longing for lost bicamerality, and they desire a simple, all-encompassing theory that explains everything about human nature.

Nowadays, you certainly will not find a single academic historian or anthropologist who subscribes to Jaynes’s hypothesis. You may find a psychologist or two out there, but they are rare. Very few philosophers of mind accept Jaynes’s hypothesis either. Daniel Dennett, a philosopher who thinks Jaynes’s hypothesis has some problems but that it should be taken seriously, writes the following in an essay titled “Julian Jaynes’s Software Archaeology”:

“After all, on the face of it, it [i.e. the hypothesis of the bicameral mind] is preposterous, and I have found that in talking with other philosophers my main task is to convince them to take it seriously when they are very reluctant to do this. I take it very seriously, so I am going to use my time to try to describe what I take the project to be.”

Nonetheless, despite widespread academic rejection, Jaynes’s hypothesis has managed to seep its way into popular culture. For instance, in 2006, an author named Terence Hawkins published a fictional novel titled The Rage of Achilles, which retells the story of the Iliad using Jaynes’s hypothesis as a naturalistic explanation for all the encounters with deities in the epic. In Hawkins’s novel, the Greek hero Odysseus and the Trojan prince Paris are portrayed as having non-bicameral minds, while the other characters are portrayed as having bicameral ones.

Meanwhile, more recently, Jaynes’s hypothesis was incorporated as a plot device into the HBO science fiction television series WestworldWestworld differs from earlier portrayals of the bicameral mind in that it does not portray the bicameral mind as a stage in the development of human consciousness, but rather a stage in the development of robot consciousness, which I suppose is somewhat more plausible. The show also, mercifully, referred to the hypothesis as applied to humans as “debunked.”

ABOVE: Scene of the characters Robert Ford (played by Anthony Hopkins) and Bernard Lowe (played by Jeffrey Wright) discussing Julian Jaynes’s hypothesis of the bicameral mind from the HBO television series Westworld

The problem of the physical structure of the brain

One major problem with Jaynes’s hypothesis is the problem of the physical structure of the brain. It is almost universally recognized that the physical structure of the brain and the way we think are inextricably linked. Even most substance dualists, who believe that the mind and the brain are two distinct substances, admit that there is a clear connection between the mind and the brain.

The problem for Jaynes’s hypothesis is that, if his hypothesis that early humans were not conscious in the same way we are conscious were true, we would expect to find that the brains of humans up until around 3,000 years ago were structured significantly differently from our own brains. In reality, though, we find precisely the opposite; as far as we can tell from surviving brain cases and even, in some cases, preserved brains, the structure of the human brain has remained almost completely unchanged for at least the past roughly 10,000 years.

If you examine the skull of a normal, healthy person who lived in ancient Sumer in the third millennium BC, you will find that the brain case is virtually identical in every way in terms of its structure to the brain case of a person who died yesterday. Likewise, if you examine the preserved brain from a well-preserved body, such as the body of someone who was accidentally mummified or frozen in ice, you will find it structurally identical to a modern brain.

So far at least, there is no physical evidence to suggest that the brains of humans before around 1000 BC were structured any different from the brains of human beings today. This poses a serious difficulty to Jaynes’s hypothesis.

ABOVE: Illustration of the underside of a human brain from the 1543 anatomy book De humani corporis fabrica by the Flemish anatomist Andreas Vesalius

The problem of human behavior

If humans prior to around 1000 BC really thought in a way that is drastically different from how we think today, we would expect to find a great deal of evidence that they also behaved very differently from how we behave today. Unfortunately for those who want to believe in the idea of the bicameral mind, what we instead find is a great deal of evidence that early humans were, in fact, remarkably like us in terms of their behavior. Though their cultures differed from ours in significant ways, judging from our available evidence, they still acted the way we would expect normal, conscious human beings to act.

For instance, a number of customer complaint letters have survived to us from ancient Mesopotamia that read almost exactly like what someone might write today. In particular, in the early twentieth century, the British archaeologist Sir Leonard Woolley excavated a house in the city of Ur, which contained a large number of letters from angry customers inscribed on clay tablets addressed to a copper merchant by the name of Ea-Nasir. These letters all date to around the middle of the eighteenth century BC.

There are a whole bunch of these letters, but the longest and more irate of all of them is a letter written by a man named Nanni, which covers the entire front and back sides of the tablet he wrote it on. Here is the text of the letter, as translated from Akkadian by the American Assyriologist A. Leo Oppenheim:

“Tell Ea-nasir: Nanni sends the following message:”

“When you came, you said to me as follows : ‘I will give Gimil-Sin (when he comes) fine quality copper ingots.’ You left then but you did not do what you promised me. You put ingots which were not good before my messenger (Sit-Sin) and said: ‘If you want to take them, take them; if you do not want to take them, go away!’”

“What do you take me for, that you treat somebody like me with such contempt? I have sent as messengers gentlemen like ourselves to collect the bag with my money (deposited with you) but you have treated me with contempt by sending them back to me empty-handed several times, and that through enemy territory. Is there anyone among the merchants who trade with Telmun who has treated me in this way? You alone treat my messenger with contempt! On account of that one (trifling) mina of silver which I owe(?) you, you feel free to speak in such a way, while I have given to the palace on your behalf 1,080 pounds of copper, and Umi-abum has likewise given 1,080 pounds of copper, apart from what we both have had written on a sealed tablet to be kept in the temple of Shamash.”

“How have you treated me for that copper? You have withheld my money bag from me in enemy territory; it is now up to you to restore (my money) to me in full.”

“Take cognizance that (from now on) I will not accept here any copper from you that is not of fine quality. I shall (from now on) select and take the ingots individually in my own yard, and I shall exercise against you my right of rejection because you have treated me with contempt.”

This sounds very much the sort of thing someone today might write. It is certainly not the sort of thing that one reads and thinks, “Clearly, these people thought in a way completely and utterly different from the way people think today.”

I could give examples of ways in which ancient peoples behaved that are very similar to ways in which people today behave all day, but I will not do that because I reckon this one example is probably enough for an article of this length.

ABOVE: Photograph from Wikimedia Commons of Nanni’s complaint letter to Ea-Nasir, complaining about how Ea-Nasir has given him a lesser standard of copper than what he promised him

Construing evidence

The vast majority of the evidence Jaynes tried to marshal to support his argument is evidence that, quite frankly, just can’t be logically construed to support it. Jaynes starts out with the assumption that people prior to around 1000 BC had bicameral minds and then simply reads his own assumptions onto the evidence.

Ironically, on page 177, Jaynes himself offers a warning against reading our own assumptions onto evidence, except what he is really arguing when he says this is that translators should refrain from making logical assumptions and instead make the kinds of insane and illogical assumptions he himself is making:

“The popular and even scholarly literatures are full of such sugared emandations and palatablized glosses to make ancient men seem like us, or at least talk like the King James Bible. A translator often reads in more than he reads out. Many of those texts that seem to be about decision-making or so-called proverbs, or epics, or teachings, should be reinterpreted with concrete behavioral precision if we are to trust them as data for psycho-archaeology of man. And I am warning the reader that the effect of this chapter is not in accord with popular books on the subject.”

Let’s think about this a bit. If you find a clay tablet inscribed with what appears to be a set of proverbs, which of these assumptions makes sense: (a) that this is a set of proverbs written by a scribe, who wrote them the way a person today might write them, or (b) that this is a set of writings by the scribe, who was acting as a mindless drone obedient to the commands of the voice in the back of his head, which seemed to him like the voice of an all-powerful deity?

Most people, I think would say the former of these choices is more sensible.

ABOVE: Photograph of an Akkadian clay tablet dating to c. 2270 BC listing the victories of the Akkadian king Rimush

Misunderstanding stories about people hearing voices of deities

In support of his hypothesis of the bicameral mind, Julian Jaynes particularly relies on stories of human beings hearing voices of deities or receiving visions from deities. Based on his readings of religious texts and works of fiction such as the Iliad, Jaynes seems to have the impression that it was common for people in ancient times to think they were hearing the voices of deities. This is far from the case. There are indeed surviving texts that describe people receiving commands or visions from deities, but all of these texts present this as an extraordinary phenomenon that only happens on extremely rare, exciting occasions.

For instance, in around 2125 BC, King Gudea, the ruler of the Sumerian city-state of Lagash from c. 2144 until c. 2124 BC, had two large terra-cotta cylinders inscribed with a very lengthy and detailed description of how he experienced a dream in which he saw the god Ninĝirsu. These cylinders, which are known as the “Gudea Cylinders,” also record Gudea’s reaction to the dream. Here is an excerpt from the translation of the Gudea Cylinders available online through Oxford University’s Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL):

“On that day, in a nocturnal vision Gudea saw his master, Lord Ninĝirsu. Ninĝirsu spoke to him of his house, of its building. He showed him an E-ninnu with full grandeur. Outstanding though his mind was, the message remained to be understood for him.”

“’Well, I have to tell her about this! Well, I have to tell her about this! I will ask her to stand by me in this matter. Profound things (?) came suddenly to me, the shepherd, but the meaning of what the nocturnal vision brought to me I do not understand. So I will take my dream to my mother and I will ask my dream-interpreter, an expert on her own, my divine sister from Sirara, Nanše, to reveal its meaning to me.’”

“He stepped aboard his boat, directed it on the canal Id-Niĝin-dua towards her city Niĝin, and merrily cut through the waves of the river. After he had reached Bagara, the house extending as far as the river, he offered bread, poured cold water and went to the master of Bagara to pray to him.”

“’Warrior, rampant lion, who has no opponent! Ninĝirsu, important in the abzu, respected in Nibru! Warrior, I want to carry out faithfully what you have commanded me; Ninĝirsu, I want to build up your house for you, I want to make it perfect for you, so I will ask your sister, the child born of Eridug, an authority on her own, the lady, the dream-interpreter among the gods, my divine sister from Sirara, Nanše, to show me the way.’ His call was heard; his master, Lord Ninĝirsu, accepted from Gudea his prayer and supplication.”

“Gudea celebrated the ešeš festival in the house of Bagara. The ruler set up his bed near to Ĝatumdug. He offered bread and poured cold water and went to holy Ĝatumdug to pray to her: ‘My lady, child begotten by holy An, an authority on her own, proud goddess, living in the Land, …… of her city! Lady, mother, you who founded Lagaš, if you but look upon your people, it brings abundance; the worthy young man on whom you look will enjoy a long life.’”

Notice how Gudea presents his vision as an absolutely stunning occurrence, something completely out of the ordinary. He describes Ninĝirsu making a glorious appearance to him in a dream. He then describes himself travelling all the way to another city to consult the goddess Nanše (or, presumably, her oracle) to find out the meaning of his dream. The fact that Gudea feels the need to travel all the way to another city shows what a remarkable event this seemed to be for him. Even the fact that Gudea had all this written down shows that he considered this an extraordinary occurrence.

Also notice that Ninĝirsu appears to Gudea in a dream, which means there is no need to invoke the idea of the bicameral mind even if we are to accept the literal truth of this story. Gudea may very well have simply had a particularly vivid dream, which he interpreted as a message from the god Ninĝirsu. This does not prove that ancient peoples were not conscious or that they had bicameral minds; even people today can have vivid dreams.

ABOVE: Photograph from Wikimedia Commons of the Gudea cylinders on display in the Louvre Museum

Misunderstanding the Iliad

Jaynes devotes an entire chapter in his book to discussion of the Iliad. I would like to pay special attention to how he misunderstands and misinterprets the poem, because it is illustrative of how he generally misinterprets evidence. Jaynes starts out with the assumption that, because Troy was a real city and because there are a few accurate descriptions of, for instance, styles of armor and weapons from the Bronze Age scattered throughout the Iliad, the Iliad is therefore fundamentally a work of history. He writes on page 76:

“There is thus no question of its historical substrate. The Iliad is not imaginative creative literature and hence not a matter for literary discussion. It is history, webbed into the Mycenaean Aegean, to be examined by psychohistorical scientists.”

On the next page, Jaynes responds to the objection that the Iliad contains descriptions of impossible events by insisting that the poem must be historical at its core, but the aoidoi must have changed the poem at some point, adding in exaggerations and legendary elaborations. Nonetheless, he insists that the poem must be mostly historical, saying, “But all these alterations were probably kept in check both for the transcribers’ reverence for the poem at this time, as is indicated by all other Greek literature, and by the requirements of public performances.”

It is in his assumption that the Iliad must have been mostly intended as an accurate historical account that Jaynes commits his biggest error in this chapter. In reality, as I discuss in much greater detail in this article I wrote about the historicity of the Trojan War, there is no good reason to think that the Iliad has any more historical basis than, say, Sir Thomas Mallory’s Le Morte d’Arthur.

The fact that Troy was a real city does not mean that the story about the Trojan War presented in the Iliad is historical. After all, fictional stories can be set in real places; the Notre-Dame de Paris cathedral is a real place, but very few people would try to argue that that somehow means the novel The Hunchback of Notre-Dame by Victor Hugo is a historical account about real events.

ABOVE: Notre-Dame is a real cathedral, but that doesn’t mean Quasimodo was ever a real person.

Although there are a few scattered examples of accurate remembrances of the Bronze Age preserved in the Iliad, the vast majority of the poem is totally disconnected from what the historical Bronze Age was really like. Even the few things the Iliad gets right it does not get right consistently. For instance, sometimes the Homeric heroes fight with bronze weapons like the Mycenaeans; other times they fight with iron.

There is far more in the Iliad that makes us doubt its validity as a historical account than there is that makes us inclined to trust it. (I mean, in Book Twenty-One, Achilles literally fights a river, for goodness sakes! What is a historian supposed to make of that?)

Because Jaynes starts out from the beginning with the false assumption that the Iliad is mostly a historical account, this leads him to the false conclusion that the Iliad’s portrayal of interactions between humans and deities is an accurate reflection of what everyday life was like for people in the Mycenaean Period, which, of course, it isn’t.

Jaynes makes other errors in this chapter and elsewhere, of course. For instance, he dates the composition of the Iliad to the ninth century BC, when, in fact, most scholars in the 1970s thought it was composed in the eighth and most scholars today think it was composed in the early seventh. Jaynes also claims at one point that the word wanax was only applied after the Mycenaean Period to the gods, when, in fact, even in Modern Greek, the word ἄναξ is still sometimes applied to human kings.

ABOVE: The Rage of Achilles Protected by Mars, painted in 1815 by the Italian painter Antonio Galliano

Conclusion

All our available evidence seems to indicate that the brains of ancient peoples were structurally similar to ours and that ancient peoples acted in ways that are behaviorally similar to the ways people act today. I know that I am conscious and I consider it reasonable to assume that everyone else around me is conscious. The most parsimonious assumption, then, is that ancient peoples probably thought more-or-less the same way we think today and that they were every bit as conscious as we are.

Is this an assumption? Ultimately, yes, but it is an assumption that is supported by the evidence and that makes logical sense, unlike the hypothesis Jaynes tries to argue for, which has absolutely no solid or convincing scientific or historical evidence to support it and is full of all sorts of outrageous leaps of logic.

The Law of Parsimony is key here; we cannot know for certain that ancient peoples were conscious because, ultimately, the only people who know what was going on inside ancient people’s heads are ancient people themselves, who are—and this is true!—all dead. Nonetheless, we can come to the conclusion that requires the least number of ad hoc assumptions, which is that people who lived prior to around 1000 BC were indeed conscious.

(NOTE: I have also published a version of this article on my website titled “Were Ancient People Conscious?” Here is a link to the version of the article on my website.)



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For are we indeed old wine, having brought the avor with us from many past incarnations. Each lifetime, however, presents us with a new body, a new environment to work with—a new wineskin. —GLADYS T. MCGAREY, MD1


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pnr 

Do ghosts try to communicate to us through our dreams?

All the time. But they don’t like being called ghosts. They’re just “people who used to be on the planet.” There’s a reason why they’re still on the planet, and if you encounter someone who is hanging around, the best method is to ask them “What is it that you’re here to continue to do? Who are you keeping an eye on?” If you get an answer to that question, you’ll know why they’re still hanging around.

In terms of communication through dreams - generally, “ghosts” don’t have the ability to invade someone’s dreams unless they’re somehow connected to that person, or know their frequency. So if you’re asking “do our loved ones try to communicate to us through dreams?” the answer is: all the time.

In the thousands of deep hypnosis cases I’ve examined, or the 45 I’ve filmed, people often recount a previous lifetime where after they “passed over” they tried to communicate with their loved ones through dreams. They’ll describe what the dream was, why it was the best way to communicate (“It’s easier and it won’t frighten them”). Many people report that when they were “visited” by someone in their dream, at some point in the dream they announce “Wait a second! You’re dead! You can’t be here!”

Which, as you can imagine, would be a bit distracting for the loved one. Here they’ve spent the time doing the complex math to figure out how to create a visual in the mind so that they can appear to their loved one and impart some new information (“I’m fine” “Watch out for your brother” “I love you”) and our response to their effort is to say “But it’s not real! You can’t exist!” At some point, why bother?

So if you’re talking about someone you don’t know, never met, someone who could be classified as a “stranger” who appears in a dream (or some historical figure) the question would be “So what are you doing here? Did I know you in a previous lifetime? Do I know you in the between lives? Where did we come into contact, or are you a complete stranger to me?”

The answers may be surprising. But worth asking.


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rbr Try to focus on the data. There are decades of research from Ian Stevenson at UVA on reincarnation. Currently Dr. Tucker has 1500 cases under review. Dr. Greyson *After" discusses the 100 peer reviewed studies on consciousness outside the brain. (NDE).


have 2750 clinical case studies from Dr Helen Wambach, 4k from Dr. Weiss or 7k from Michael Newton's work.


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The human soul is a silent harp in God’s choir, whose strings need only to be swept by the divine breath to chime in with the harmonies of creation. —HENRY DAVID THOREAU


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I walked a mile with Pleasure

 She chattered all the way 

But left me none the wiser,

 For all she had to say. 

I walked a mile with Sorrow 

And never a word said she 

But oh! The things I learned from her,

 When Sorrow walked with me! 

—ROBERT BROWNING HAMILTON, ALONG THE ROAD


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rbr Learning Lessons in One Life or Three Lives? Pain and problems are a means to teach truth, humility, and freedom from egoism.


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I did not want to come. God, however, instructed me, inspired me to undertake the mission [to spread righteousness and chastise the wicked]. —GURU GOBIND SINGH


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Spirituality is a path of aloneness and stillness, there is nothing extraverted or “more active” about it.

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When a Soul incarnates into a human body, it manifests a new ego, distinct from past lives ... it’s what identifies us as an individual. The word ego, literally means “I” in Latin ... with no ego, there’s no concept of “I”

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rbr Reluctance to Exit the Bliss: Parallels to Near-Death Experiences
 Susan, Kathy, and Tim who felt reluctant to leave their pre-birth Home and to enter a body mirror reports found in NDEs. During an NDE, people encounter mystical worlds lled with such love and bliss that they actively resist going in the direction of pain and returning to their bodies. In both pre-birth memories and NDEs, the Soul is apprehensive about leaving an unearthly world and journeying to Earth, a lower, thicker tone

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By and large Enlightenment happens in waxing crescent phase of the moon.


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Like removing one nail with the help of another nail, the evil propensities can be weeded out by good samskaras.
Swami Shriyukteshwar Giri

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Someday this life will evaporate for re-birth.
Gurudev Swarupananda Brahmachari

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What we call birth is merely the reverse side of death, like a door that we call “entrance” from outside and “exit” from inside a room. —LAMA ANAGORIKA GOVINDA

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rbr A Soul Googles Earth Seeking Rebirth Before birth, Prashant saw a market scene in New Delhi. Prashant is a forty-year-old Indian author, freelance journalist, businessman, lawyer, Christian, and seeker of truth. “My rst memory in early childhood was a deathbed vision of myself as a seventy- or eighty-year-old Caucasian monk dressed in a robe. My death was peaceful and painless. I was lying in bed in a monastery room illuminated by candles. I intuitively knew that I was somewhere in Europe in the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries CE, probably in Italy. A young monk sat at my bedside. One moment I was looking at this young brother holding my left hand and crying as he said in a language that must have been Latin or Italian, ‘Goodbye, Father.’ The next moment I was oating out of my body and looking at my own self lying on the bed from a vantage point of four or ve feet o the ground.”

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WHEN A MAN BEHOLDS ALL SEPARATE BEINGS AS EXISTENT IN THE ONE THAT HAS EXPANDED ITSELF INTO MANY, HE THEN MERGES WITH BRAHMAN
"A MAN ENGROSSED IN THE COSMIC DREAM of creation finds himself working harmoniously with or excitedly battling the various other dream images created by the one dream consciousness of God. Such a man remains entangled in the oppositional states of the cosmic dream.
"When through SAMADHI a yogi awakens from the delusions of MAYA, he beholds his body, the separately existing images of other human beings, and all material objects to be STREAMING UNCEASINGLY from one Source: the consciousness of God.
"No real difference is present among creatures: all are products of Prakriti and all are sustained by the same Underlying Divinity. Their seeming diversity is rooted in the unity of One Mind. To realize this truth is emancipation, oneness with God. "
- Sri Sri Paramahansa Yogananda,
Chapter XIII, Verse 30,
God Talks with Arjuna : The Bhagavad Gita

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The ‘present’ is not the present activity or what you think this moment.

The ‘present’ is the timeless eternity, on which your mind plays through a relative present, past and future.

Try to find out the present. Where is it ? This moment, this moment, or this moment :) ?

It is fleeting faster than your attempts to hold it. If you can see this :) ?

The present as we understand is an illusion.

If ever, you catch the real present, then you had awakened to the timeless eternity, the great stillness on which your mind plays out its apparent present, past, and future.

Do you miss recalling your memories and nostalgia if you live in the present ?

No. You do not miss the pot because you have realised the clay. That’s in fact a religious extremity which we are moving from as we speak of Advaita.


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by the clay you mean the underlying canvass of awareness or consciousness over which we draw the past, future and present?


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they also say Saint Thomas lived with Lord Christ in India ( after resurrection) for a long time…()

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Thomas the Apostle (Biblical Hebrewתוֹמָאס הקדושAncient GreekΘωμᾶςCopticⲑⲱⲙⲁⲥClassical Syriacܬܐܘܡܐ ܫܠܝܚܐ Tʾōmā šliḥā), also called Didymus ("twin"), was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. Thomas is commonly known as "Doubting Thomas" because he initially doubted the resurrection of Jesus Christ when he was told of it (as is related in the Gospel of John alone); he later confessed his faith ("My Lord and my God") on seeing the wounds left over from the crucifixion.

According to traditional accounts of the Saint Thomas Christians of modern-day Kerala in India, Thomas travelled outside the Roman Empire to preach the Gospel, travelling as far as the Tamilakam which is in South India,[1][5][6][7] and reached Muziris of Tamilakam (modern-day North Paravur and Kodungalloor in Kerala State, India) in AD 52.[8][9][1] In 1258, some of the relics were brought to Ortona, in Abruzzo, Italy, where they have been held in the Church of Saint Thomas the Apostle.[10] He is regarded as the patron saint of India among its Christian adherents,[11][12] and the Feast of Saint Thomas on July 3 is celebrated as Indian Christian Day by believers.[13][14] The name Thomas remains quite popular among the Saint Thomas Christians of the Indian subcontinent.


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 ‘Imitation of Christ’ by Thomas Kempis? I found it great. Swami Vivekananda had also recommended it.

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