Memory proper, or secondary memory, is the
knowledge of a former state of mind after it
has already once dropped from consciousness.
The knowledge of it as past is essential. An
image in the mind is not enough. If the image
be there, but we do not refer it to the past, it
is not memory. The past fact must be recog-
nised as past, and this recognition is a new
mental act, distinct from the simple reproduc-
tion of the image.”
– William James,
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