SWMD

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New Headache Diagnosis Proposed — Shift Work Migraine Disorder
By Jeff Craven | June 23, 2025

MINNEAPOLIS — Irregular night shift work has long been linked to sleep disturbances, but a new study suggests it may also significantly increase the risk of developing migraines. The findings, presented at the 2025 American Headache Society Annual Scientific Meeting, have led researchers to propose a new diagnostic category: Shift Work Migraine Disorder.

In a systematic review and meta-analysis, researchers examined data from multiple studies on shift workers, sleep patterns, and migraine prevalence. They found that individuals engaged in rotating or overnight shifts were substantially more likely to experience frequent or chronic migraines compared to those with regular daytime schedules.

Key Findings:

• Shift workers had a 30–40% increased risk of developing migraines.

• The risk was higher in those with irregular schedules and reduced sleep duration.

• Nurses, factory workers, and emergency personnel were among the most affected groups.

The lead investigator, Dr. Samantha Liu of the University of Minnesota, emphasized that circadian rhythm disruption is likely a core mechanism:

“When the body’s internal clock is thrown off by night shifts, it creates a perfect storm of sleep deprivation, stress, and neurological dysregulation that can trigger or worsen migraines.”

The researchers argue that Shift Work Migraine Disorder should be considered a distinct clinical entity — much like shift work sleep disorder — to facilitate targeted treatment and occupational accommodations.

The proposed diagnosis may help:

• Guide preventive strategies, including stabilizing shift schedules.

• Support disability claims or workplace modifications for chronic migraine sufferers.

• Foster greater awareness among employers and clinicians.

Experts not involved in the study expressed cautious optimism. Dr. Elena Torres, a neurologist at the Cleveland Clinic, noted:

“It’s a compelling case, especially given how debilitating migraines can be. But we need longitudinal data and biological markers to establish it firmly as a standalone diagnosis.”

The research underscores the growing recognition of how modern work patterns intersect with neurological health, prompting a reevaluation of how we define and treat occupational disorders.

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