Early term delivery is associated with increased neonatal respiratory morbidity
Abstract
Background
The recent increase in early term birth rates represents a growing challenge to public health given the association between early term birth and neonatal morbidities. We compared the risk of respiratory morbidity between early term and full‐term infants.
Methods
This retrospective cohort population study included infants born at 37–41 weeks’ gestation in a single tertiary care university hospital between 2014 and 2016. Newborns were categorized as early term (37–38 weeks) and full term (39–41 weeks). The primary outcome was respiratory morbidity.
Results
Of the 4,894 babies born at 37–41 weeks gestational age, 31% (n = 1,521) were early term births. The rate of cesarean deliveries, which were often elective, was higher for early term than for full‐term newborns (P = 0.001). Compared with full‐term newborns, early term newborns, had significantly higher risks of respiratory morbidity (13.2 % vs 6.3 %; odds ratio [OR], 2.28, P = 0.001), respiratory distress syndrome (0.5 % vs 0 %, P = 0.001), transient tachypnea of the newborn (11.2 % vs 4.6 %; OR, 2.72, P = 0.001), continuous positive airway pressure use (9.7 % vs 3.7 %; OR, 2.82, P = 0.001), and ventilation support (1.4% vs 0.4%; OR, 4.11, P = 0.001).
Conclusions
The elevated frequency of respiratory morbidity in early term infants emphasizes the importance of early term birth interventions. More than half of the early term births were elective cesarean sections; interventions should therefore focus on reducing elective cesarean procedures at the time of first birth.
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MAHAVAKYAS ARE ESSENCE OF ADVIATA VEDANTA
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AKHANDARTHABRAHMAN BODHAM
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MANY OF THEM
1 FROM EACH VEDAS
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I am convinced that with regular training it is quite possible to transform one's mind in a positive way, cultivating thoughts, attitudes, and tendencies that are beneficial to oneself and others, and reducing those that are harmful.
Summarized and adapted from Les voies spirituelles du bonheur, Presses du Chatelet, Paris, 2002; Points Sagesse, Seuil, 2004. English version: The Compassionate Life, Shambhala 2003
FOURTEENTH DALAI LAMA, TENZIN GYATSO (B. 1936)
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Based on my personal experience, a person is “prepped” for death by crossing back and forth until he or she is comfortable with releasing the body. Only then, does death occur. Something such as pain or the awareness of deceased relatives, friends and pets encourage one to release.
No one is “visiting”. We just become conscious of them because the brain is not distracted with earthly senses. An aspect of them, as we remember them, appears, and may offer guidance. It is the same in dreams. Those that are more comfortable with the transition will have less of a need for help during the crossover or finding a way to the bliss. Despite the movies, “Heaven” does not appear at the moment of death. There is a journey and requires full acceptance of one's bodily release and past relationships.
As an example, I was taking care of my 92-year old grandmother. She had severe dementia. One day, she was conversing with someone that was not in the physical realm. I thought it joyous that she was having a wonderful conversation. However, I didn't understand a word. She was speaking Yiddish. My grandmother had not known anyone who spoke Yiddish since the 1940's, when her father died. This was 1992. It would also be safe to assume that before her dementia, she had mostly forgotten the language spoken by her parents. My grandmother died several months later.
When I was taking care of my grandfather, at the age of 96, his consciousness had left well before his body. He was adjusting “on the other side” before he could fully release the remnants of his failing body. He was interacting with others regularly, including re-experiencing a conversation with his boss in what would have been the 1920′s. But, it was not pleasant when his consciousness shifted back into his physical body for minutes or hours, completely uncomfortable with me, his wife and his house.
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CHEERS 1982-1993
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RBR
Do you believe in reincarnation of humans?
There are a number of reasons why I believe in reincarnation. First the scientific reasons:
- The scientific studies done by Dr. Ian Stevenson and Dr. Jim Tucker on reincarnation.
- The lifetime studies of Dr. Carl Wickland, Dr. Edith Fiore and Dr. Brian Weiss on ghosts and past lives.
- The requirement for dark matter and dark energy to explain the universe opens up science to recognize the soul. Dark Energy explained in Death by a loss of 21 grams
- The number of scientific anomalies that cannot be explained by any other way Scientific anomalies explained by astrology.
The next reasons I believe in reincarnation are philosophical reasons bore out of wisdom and reason. These come from the culture who gave us Euclidean geometry, the Pythagorean theorem, Aesop’s fables, democracy, the Hippocratic Oath and Plato’s dialogs:
- They believed that the material world was created as a restoration path for all those (1/3 of Olympus) who revolted against Zeus and were cast out.
- They believed that the restoration (ἀποκατάστασις) was an unperceivably slow process requiring many lifetimes - reincarnation. That this was the only way all fallen could be recovered with all of their virtue, and none of their malcontent.
- They believed that all the gods would eventually come home. They named their capital after the fallen goddess Athena, who had broken away from Hades and was making her way back to Olympus.
- Furthermore, they have revered Aphrodite, who had also emerged from the bitter sea, ruled by Poseidon (Hades), and starting her incarnations on earth as human, during her restoration process.
The final reasons are religious reasons. For me, the only way to believe in a Good God, is to believe in reincarnation. For me, it is the only way to reconcile the both the suffering in the world, and the huge difference in enlightenment of humanity.
- How can we all expected to meet the requirements set down by Jesus in one lifetime, given the various conditions that we all live? How else can Jesus be the only way to Heaven if 2/3’s of the world never even hear his name in their lifetime?
- Shawn Murphy's answer to Is there any evidence of reincarnation in the bible?
Does anyone believe in reincarnation?
Yes, reincarnation is an integral part of humanity and spiritual evolution towards enlightenment. Reincarnation and Karma are combined in this process. Each life we live has specific goals attached to it and also tests, or Karma. To only believe in reincarnation with the responsibility of Karma is disastrous.
I hear in your question the desire to end this life and start anew. That is fully within your free will to do, but you should be aware that death does not allow you to escape your Karma. Taking the “easy way out” actually makes the tests harder in the next life. Suicide has many negative side effects.
You are here in this life for a purpose, but it might not be the purpose you would desire. I found the work of Viktor Frankl very inspiring for people who have lost hope in their life. As a holocaust survivor, he saw that the only people who survived their Hell was those who had something to live for - those who had meaning in their lives.
Finding meaning is the most important task and being open the answer is often difficult.
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