FEBRILE INFANT UNDER 3 WEEKS

Performance of blood biomarkers to rule out invasive bacterial infection in febrile infants under 21 days old

1. Borja Gomez1,2, 
2. Haydee Diaz1, 
3. Alba Carro1, 
4. Javier Benito1,2, 
5. Santiago Mintegi1,2

Author affiliations

Abstract

Objectives To determine the performance of procalcitonin (PCT), C reactive protein (CRP) and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) in identifying invasive bacterial infection (IBI) among well-appearing infants ≤21 days old with fever without source and no leukocyturia. To compare this performance with that in those 22–90 days old.

Design Substudy of a prospective single-centre registry performed between September 2008 and August 2017.

Setting Paediatric emergency department of a tertiary teaching hospital.

Patients 196 infants ≤21 days old and 1331 infants 22–90 days old.

Main outcome measures Sensitivity and negative likelihood ratio of blood tests for ruling out IBI (positive blood or cerebrospinal fluid culture). Abnormal blood test results: PCT ≥0.5 ng/mL, CRP >20 mg/L and ANC >10 000/µL.

Results Prevalence of IBI in infants ≤21 days old with normal or any abnormal blood test result was 3.6% and 6.8%, respectively (OR 0.52 (95% CI 0.13 to 2.01)), compared with 0.2% and 4.5% in older infants (OR 0.03 (95% CI 0 to 0.17)). Sensitivity and negative likelihood ratio of the blood tests for ruling out IBI in infants ≤21 days were 44.4% (95% CI 18.9% to 73.3%) and 0.79 (95% CI 0.43 to 1.44), respectively (vs 84.6% (95% CI 57.8% to 95.7%)%) and 0.19 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.67) in older infants). The values improved in infants with fever ≥6 hours aged 22–90 days, but not in those ≤21 days.

Conclusions PCT, CRP and ANC are not useful for ruling out IBI in febrile infants ≤21 days old. It is still recommended that these patients are admitted and given empirical antibiotic therapy, regardless of their general appearance or blood test results.