Idealism may be consistent with—even identical to—certain interpretations of cosmopsychism. According to Shani, for instance, cosmopsychism entails that “an omnipresent cosmic consciousness is the single ontological ultimate there is” (2015: 390). This perfectly embodies the dening tenet of idealism insofar as it implies that everything—including the physical—can be reduced to the phenomenal. Shani also writes that matter is the cosmos “in its appearance as exterior complement to the subjective realities of created selves” (2015: 412, emphasis added). The notion that matter is the phenomenal appearance of equally phenomenal dynamics is also eminently idealist. Therefore, these interpretations of cosmopsychism are essentially indistinguishable from idealism and I shall, henceforth, refer to them simply as idealism
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