Kapalbhati v Diaphragm breathing

 Here’s a clean, exam-friendly comparison table for Kapalbhati vs Diaphragmatic (Abdominal) Breathing:

Basis	Kapalbhati	Diaphragmatic (Abdominal) Breathing
Nature of practice	Active, forceful breathing technique	Passive, gentle breathing technique
Type of breathing	Rapid, forceful exhalation; inhalation is automatic	Slow, deep inhalation and exhalation
Main muscle used	Abdominal muscles with diaphragm	Diaphragm primarily
Speed	Fast and rhythmic	Slow and relaxed
Focus area	Cleansing and stimulation	Relaxation and oxygenation
Effect on nervous system	Stimulates and energizes	Calms and soothes
Effect on mind	Increases alertness and clarity	Promotes calmness and emotional balance
Primary benefits	Improves digestion, metabolism, lung efficiency	Reduces stress, improves lung capacity
Role in yoga	Shatkarma / preparatory pranayama	Foundation of correct breathing
Best time to practice	Morning, empty stomach	Any time, especially during stress
Suitability	For healthy individuals with guidance	Suitable for all age groups
Contraindications	Avoid in pregnancy, hypertension, hernia	Generally safe, no major restrictions

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