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Here's a summary table based on The Unnatural Nature of Science: Why Science Does Not Make (Common) Sense by Lewis Wolpert:
| Key Concept | Summary |
|---|---|
| Science is Counterintuitive | Science often contradicts common sense and intuitive beliefs. |
| Empirical Evidence Over Intuition | Scientific knowledge relies on experimentation, not personal experience or gut feelings. |
| Unnatural Thinking | Scientific reasoning requires abstract, logical thinking that differs from everyday reasoning. |
| Progress Through Disproof | Science advances by challenging and disproving previous ideas, unlike traditional belief systems. |
| Distinction from Technology | Science seeks understanding, while technology applies scientific principles for practical use. |
| Resistance to Science | People often reject scientific findings when they conflict with intuition or cultural beliefs. |
Would you like a direct quote from the book as well?
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Pascal Boyer's The Naturalness of Religious Ideas: A Cognitive Theory of Religion explores how universal cognitive processes shape and constrain religious beliefs across cultures. Below is a summary table highlighting key concepts from the book, along with representative quotes:
| Concept | Summary | Quote |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive Constraints on Religion | Human cognitive architecture limits the range of religious concepts that are easily transmitted and retained. | "The transmission of religious representations... does not occur in a cognitive vacuum." citeturn0search2 |
| Minimally Counterintuitive Concepts | Religious ideas often involve entities that are mostly intuitive but include slight violations of expected properties, making them memorable. | "Experimental results from developmental psychology... can explain why certain religious representations are more likely to be acquired." citeturn0search4 |
| Cultural Transmission Mechanisms | Religious beliefs persist through generations via cognitive predispositions that favor certain types of information. | "There is growing evidence that human minds are predisposed to acquire certain types of mental representations." citeturn0search2 |
| Role of Ontological Categories | People categorize the world into domains (e.g., animals, tools), and religious concepts often involve category violations (e.g., talking trees). | "Natural ontologies and supernatural furniture." citeturn0search2 |
These insights illustrate how innate cognitive structures influence the formation and perpetuation of religious ideas.
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MD ALI
He was a paradox. His physical performances in the ring were
absolutely wrong....Yet, his brain was always in perfect working
condition.” “He showed us all,” he continued with a broad smile
written across his face, “that all victories come from here,” hitting
his forehead with his index finger. Then he raised a pair of fists,
saying: “Not from here.”
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