What is already known?
- Unintentional bruises occur predominantly over anterior bony prominences such as the elbows, shins, knees and in a T-shaped distribution across the face.
- The prevalence and number of bruises that a child has at any one time increases with greater independent mobility.
- Individual mechanisms of injury have been explored, but have rarely differentiated bruising from other soft tissue injuries.
What this study adds?
- A description of bruising distribution relative to the mechanism of injury among a large population of young children with unintentional injuries.
- Among 559 injuries from falls, impact, crush, sports and motor vehicle collision (MVC), 81.7% resulted in single bruises; exceptions being falls 1–2 m, stair falls, sports and MVC.
- Regardless of the mechanism, no bruises to the ear, neck or genitalia were observed, with petechial bruising being rare.
|
Statistical Appendix 4. Difference in developmental stage
across mechanisms of injury from 559 injury incidents
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|
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Mechanism
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|
||||||||
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Fall from < 1 metre
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Fall from standing height or less and
hitting an object during fall
|
Fall from 1 - 2 metres
|
Stair fall
|
Impact into an object
|
Sports injury
|
Motor vehicle collision
|
Crush injury
|
Total
|
|||
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
||||
|
Baby
Non Mobile
|
Number
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
1
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
7
|
|
|
%
|
0.0%
|
0.0%
|
28.6%
|
14.3%
|
57.1%
|
0.0%
|
0.0%
|
0.0%
|
100.0%
|
||
|
Sitting
|
Number
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
6
|
|
|
%
|
16.7%
|
16.7%
|
0.0%
|
16.7%
|
50.0%
|
0.0%
|
0.0%
|
0.0%
|
100.0%
|
||
|
Crawling
|
Number
|
5
|
6
|
0
|
0
|
11
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
22
|
|
|
%
|
22.7%
|
27.3%
|
0.0%
|
0.0%
|
50.0%
|
0.0%
|
0.0%
|
0.0%
|
100.0%
|
||
|
Cruising
|
Number
|
12
|
15
|
1
|
1
|
19
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
48
|
|
|
%
|
25.0%
|
31.3%
|
2.1%
|
2.1%
|
39.6%
|
0.0%
|
0.0%
|
0.0%
|
100.0%
|
||
|
Walking
|
Number
|
180
|
74
|
21
|
22
|
105
|
58
|
7
|
9
|
476
|
|
|
%
|
37.8%
|
15.5%
|
4.4%
|
4.6%
|
22.1%
|
12.2%
|
1.5%
|
1.9%
|
100.0%
|
||
|
Total
|
Number
|
198
|
96
|
24
|
25
|
142
|
58
|
7
|
9
|
559
|
|
|
The mechanism of bruising was
significantly different (p < 0.001) across the development stages
|
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