Green flags: common bruise findings from unintentional injury to aid with assessing injury plausibility—Hibberd et al 6 study results with other supporting studies referenced
| Bruise findings—single incident | General rule | Per cent occurrence and related injury details6 |
| Number of bruises/incident | ‘One and done’ is the rule Two to four bruises can occur from single incident5 7 | 81.7% of all incidents resulted in only one bruise. More than one bruise: motor vehicle crash, stair falls (10+ steps), sports, 2+ metre fall |
| Developmental state of child and mobility | Once you cruise, you are more likely to bruise.9 Bruising frequency increases as mobility increases (from sitting up to running)7 9 | 99% of bruises occurred in mobile children; only seven incidents of bruising in non-mobile infants—all with clear, plausible stories |
| Location of bruise on body | Bony areas bruise more easily and thus more frequently5 8 | 73% of bruises occurred over bony areas (forehead, cheek, chin, elbows, knees and shin) |
| Anterior surfaces (face, torso and legs) | Forward falls in young children are common and bruise the front of the body most often5 8 | 78% of all bruises occurred to the front of the body |
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