KS X FN

 A

If you mean which Indian philosophical tradition is closest to Nietzsche overall, there isn't a perfect match—but Sāṃkhya and certain strands of Tantra/Kashmir Shaivism come closest in different ways.

Quick comparison

Indian system	Similarity to Nietzsche	Why
Kashmir Shaivism	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐	Dynamic reality, creative consciousness, affirmation of embodied existence, self-expansion
Tantra	⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐	Does not necessarily reject desire/body/world; transforms them rather than simply suppressing them
Sāṃkhya	⭐⭐⭐	Strong emphasis on overcoming ignorance and ordinary identification, but ultimately seeks liberation from prakṛti
Buddhism	⭐⭐⭐	Strong psychological analysis and overcoming of conventional self, but Nietzsche rejects its perceived life-denial
Advaita Vedānta	⭐⭐	Radical critique of ego and conventional reality, but its liberation-oriented transcendence conflicts with Nietzsche
Yoga	⭐⭐	Discipline and mastery resonate with Nietzsche, but cessation of mental fluctuations is quite different from Nietzschean affirmation
Cārvāka	⭐⭐⭐	Materialism and rejection of afterlife/religious authority have affinities, but Cārvāka lacks Nietzsche's project of self-overcoming

🥇 My pick: Kashmir Shaivism

If we focus on affirmation, creativity, power, embodiment, and becoming, Kashmir Shaivism is probably the most interesting Indian comparison.

Its fundamental idea is roughly:

Ultimate reality = dynamic consciousness (Śiva + Śakti)

Reality isn't merely something from which we need to escape. Manifestation itself is an expression of consciousness.

That creates an interesting contrast with Advaita:

Advaita:

Ultimately, Brahman alone is real; liberation involves realizing one's identity with Brahman.

Kashmir Shaivism:

The phenomenal world is a real manifestation of divine consciousness; liberation involves recognizing oneself as that consciousness.

Nietzsche:

Don't flee becoming; affirm becoming and transform yourself.

That's much closer in spirit to Nietzsche.

But there's an important caveat

Don't make the mistake of saying:

Nietzsche = Kashmir Shaivism.

They have radically different metaphysical foundations.

Nietzsche rejects the search for a transcendent metaphysical Absolute, whereas Kashmir Shaivism explicitly develops a sophisticated metaphysics of Śiva/ultimate consciousness.

The similarity is primarily in their affirmation of manifestation, creativity, power, and transformation, not in their metaphysics.

And surprisingly, Tantra may be even closer

If your question is specifically:

Which Indian tradition most strongly opposes the “renunciation of life” that Nietzsche disliked?

Then I'd put Tantric traditions very high.

Instead of:

desire → suppress desire → escape

the Tantric approach can be characterized as:

desire/energy → understand it → transform/integrate it → liberation

That has an interesting resonance with Nietzsche's idea of self-overcoming.

The fascinating three-way comparison

Buddhism:

Overcome craving → liberation from suffering.

Advaita:

Overcome ignorance → realize the Self/Brahman.

Nietzsche:

Overcome yourself → create and affirm.

Kashmir Shaivism:

Recognize your deepest identity with the dynamic consciousness that manifests reality.

So if you're looking for the Indian philosophy that gives the strongest philosophical counterpoint to Nietzsche's criticism of Buddhism, I'd investigate Kashmir Shaivism and Tantra first, rather than Advaita.