Pascal. AB narrative. Lifespan

A

Here’s a clearer breakdown of what research tells us about lifespan differences between believers and non-believers:

Key Findings from Scientific Studies

1. 

Impact of Religious Service Attendance

• North American Data (Older Adults): A study of adults aged 64–101 found a 46% lower death rate over ~6 years for those attending services weekly compared to less frequent attenders. Adjusting for health and demographics, the survival advantage persisted (hazard ratio ~0.72)  .
• Larger U.S. Populations: Religious individuals who attended services weekly lived, on average, 7 years longer than those who never attended (life expectancy at age 20: ~83 vs. 75 years)  .
• Large Female Cohort (Nurses): Women attending services more than once weekly had a 33% lower all-cause mortality, with increased protection against cardiovascular and cancer mortality  .
• Health Behaviors Matter: Religious attendance supports positive changes in health behaviors, mental health, and social connections, especially among women  .

2. 

Recent European Data

• In a study of 16,062 older Europeans over ~11 years, being religious was associated with a 19% lower mortality risk (HR = 0.81) after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors  .

3. 

Amount of Longevity Benefit

• A meta-analysis indicated that religious individuals had 29% greater odds of survival during follow-up periods compared to less religious people  .
• In a study of obituaries, religious affiliation was linked with living 3.8 to 6.5 years longer, even after accounting for sex and marital status  .

Summary Table: Lifespan Differences

Group	Lifespan/Mortality Impact
Weekly religious attendees (U.S.)	~7 years longer life expectancy vs. non-attendees
Women attending services >1/week	~33% lower all-cause mortality
Older adults (North Carolina)	~46% lower death rate over ~6 years
Older Europeans	~19% reduced mortality risk
Meta-analysis (42 studies)	~29% higher odds of survival
Obituary analysis (U.S.)	~4 to 6 years longer lifespan

Why Do Believers Tend to Live Longer?

• Community & Social Support: Regular attendance fosters strong social networks and reduces isolation.
• Healthy Behaviors: Religious norms often discourage smoking, excessive drinking, and risky behavior.
• Mental & Emotional Benefits: Faith and belonging can reduce stress, depression, and bolster meaning/purpose  .
• Dose–Response Effect: Higher levels of participation correlate with greater longevity benefits  .

Important Nuances & Context

• Causation vs. Correlation: While associations are strong, these studies are observational — we can’t conclusively say belief causes longer life  .
• Cultural Context Matters: In religious societies, believers may live longer due to the cultural value placed on their faith. In secular contexts, the advantage may diminish or disappear  .
• Secular Equivalents Work Too: Non-believers who build strong communities, live healthily, and have purpose can achieve similar longevity benefits.

Bottom Line

• Believers, especially those regularly attending services, show a significant lifespan advantage—ranging from a few years to 7+ years—compared to non-attenders.
• Non-believers can match or exceed these outcomes, as long as they engage in healthy habits, cultivate social bonds, and nurture meaningful lives.

Would you like help exploring specific secular pathways that yield comparable longevity—like meditation practices, social groups, or community volunteering? Or perhaps dig deeper into any particular study?

Rd bk. Wit is wisdom in disguise.

It seems you’re asking for a chapter-by-chapter breakdown of Wit’s End: What Wit Is, How It Works, and Why We Need It by James Geary—complete with bullet-point summaries (“gist”) and a few notable quotes. While I couldn’t locate a full chapter-by-chapter online summary, I can still offer a strong overview by drawing on available sources and capturing the structure and essence of each chapter, along with some compelling quotes.

Overview & Approach

James Geary’s Wit’s End explores the multifaceted nature of wit, revealing how it operates across language, cognition, art, and perception. Uniquely, each chapter is written in a style that enacts its subject—ranging from dramatic dialogue to sermons, rap, heroic couplets, or scientific papers  .

Table of Contents (Selected Chapters & Themes)

From Barnes & Noble, here are the chapter titles—these give us a direct roadmap of the book’s structure  :

1. Oft Was Thought, An Essay in Sixty-Four Lines
2. One Bad Apple, Or, An Apology for Paronomasia
3. Thirty-Five Days in May
4. Watchers at the Gates of Mind: Wit and Its Relation to Witzelsucht, Malapropisms, and Bipolar Disorder
5. Perfect Witty Expressions and How to Make Them
6. Advanced Banter
7. An Ode to Wit
8. Turning Words
9. My Name Is Wit
10. Slapstick Metaphysics
11. The Chains of Habit
12. Finding Minds
13. Ambiguous Figures
14. Wisdom of the Sages
15. True Wit
16. Wit’s End
17. Wit Thanks

Chapter-by-Chapter Gist & Highlights

Below is a reconstructed gist of selected chapters, reflecting both content and quotes where available:

• 

One Bad Apple, Or, An Apology for Paronomasia

• Gist: Celebrates puns (paronomasia) as foundational to wit. Geary argues that puns, far from being trivial, show the mind holding two meanings at once—revealing hidden connections.
• Notable Quote: “To make and understand a pun, you must grasp two things at once: the primary, apparently intended import of a word or phrase, and the secondary, usually subversive one.”  

• 

Watchers at the Gates of Mind

• Gist: Explores neurocognitive aspects—how conditions like witzelsucht (pathological punning), malapropisms, and bipolar disorder inform our understanding of wit. Geary notes that manic cognitive patterns can foster divergent, rapid associative thinking  .

• 

Perfect Witty Expressions and How to Make Them

 / 

Advanced Banter

• Gist: Examines techniques of crafting wit—requiring speed, precision, and an ad-libbing mind, akin to fencing: rapier wit, riposte, parry, touché. Geary likens verbal sparring to fencing terminology  .

• 

Slapstick Metaphysics

 / 

Turning Words

• Gist: Looks at visual and conceptual wit—how artists and thinkers use metaphor, illusion, and double meanings (e.g., trompe-l’œil, duck-rabbit image) to challenge perception. Emphasizes how wit disrupts habitual seeing  .

• 

The Chains of Habit

 / 

True Wit

• Gist: Wit as a tool to break perceptual and cognitive habits. It awakens us to what we’ve stopped noticing. “Perception is a habit, and habit is the enemy of wit.”  .

• 

Finding Minds

, 

Ambiguous Figures

, 

Wisdom of the Sages

• Gist: Explores wit in serendipity, philosophy, stories, paradox. Wit is not just cleverness—it’s wisdom cloaked in play, awareness of ambiguity, and the ability to reconceive reality  .

• 

Wit’s End

 / 

Wit Thanks

• Gist: Concludes with reflections on wit’s ultimate purpose—levity, insight, clarity, and delight in life’s complexities. Embracing wit as a joyful, intelligent response to experience  .

Memorable Quotes & Illustrative Styles

• Central Idea of Wit:
  “True wit is a way of knowing, not a foppish literary ornament.”  
• Puns as Essence:
  “Indeed, puns point to the essence of all true wit—the ability to hold in the mind two different ideas about the same thing at the same time.”  
• Metaphor of Fencing:
  “Fencing is, in fact, an apt metaphor for verbal wit.”  
• Ambiguity & Perception:
  “Perception is a habit, and habit is the enemy of wit.”  
• Philosophical Depth of Puns:
  Puns described as “compressed detective stories,” uncovering hidden connections.  

Summary Table

Chapter / Theme	Gist Highlights
One Bad Apple – Puns	Puns reveal hidden connections; dual meanings held simultaneously.
Watchers at the Gates of Mind	Neurocognitive roots of wit; how brain conditions affect humorous cognition.
Perfect Witty Expressions / Banter	Wit as nimble, practiced verbal fencing—requires speed and preparation.
Slapstick Metaphysics / Turning Words	Visual wordplay and metaphor disrupt habitual perception.
The Chains of Habit / True Wit	Wit breaks habitual thinking; it redeems and reveals.
Finding Minds / Ambiguous Figures	Explore sagacity, ambiguity, paradox, cultural forms of wit and discovery.
Wit’s End / Wit Thanks	Concludes wit as joyful intelligence—light, perceptive, life-affirming.

Final Thoughts

James Geary’s Wit’s End is not just a study of wit—it performs it. Each chapter’s form embodies its theme, whether through dramatic dialogue, rap, scientific style, or poetic verse  . The overarching message is that wit is both cognitive agility and wisdom, enabling us to notice, reconnect, and delight in ambiguity.

If you’re looking for deeper insights into a particular chapter or want quotes from unmentioned chapters (like Thirty-Five Days in May or My Name Is Wit), let me know—I can dive back into sources or help you explore by ways of the book’s style.

A

Here are some of the best quotes from Wit’s End: What Wit Is, How It Works, and Why We Need It by James Geary—collected from reputable sources:

Top Quotes from 

Wit’s End

• “Jive undertakes to remedy that situation with language that makes up for the dullness of mere existence.” 
  A vivid reflection on how nimble, playful language can rescue us from drab routine.
• “Yet, when examined through the lens of metaphor, we clearly see that Mr. Lec tightly packs multiple objects into the single word ‘avalanche,’ including the image of snowflakes as people and the inexorable force of opinion…” 
  A beautifully rich illustration of how metaphor layers meaning—here, using the image of an avalanche to explore collective human behavior.
• “Witzelsucht, in which patients compulsively share dreadful puns, facetious jokes, and socially inappropriate wisecracks.” 
  A clinical yet humorous take on how neurological phenomena can intersect with forms of wit.
• “The malice of a good thing is the barb that makes it stick.” 
  A sharp observation about how wit gains impact through a subtle edge or sting.
• “Diderot was so flustered by the affront that he only thought of a clever retort as he was walking down the stairs… The encounter led him to devise the term ‘l’esprit d’escalier,’ ‘the wit of the staircase,’ for the experience of thinking of a witty comeback only after it is too late to deliver it.” 
  An evocative phrase—and a familiar feeling—of catching the perfect reply… too late.
• “To make and understand a pun, you must grasp two things at once: the primary, apparently intended import of a word or phrase, and the secondary, usually subversive one.” 
  A concise and insightful definition of what makes puns—and wit more broadly—cognitively fascinating.
• “Perception is a habit, and habit is the enemy of wit.” 
  A profound reminder that routines blind us—and that wit thrives by disrupting habitual seeing.
• “Discovery consists of seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” 
  A classic aphorism capturing the essence of creative insight and serendipity.

Additional Insight from Review & Media Coverage

• From The Washington Post:
  “Wit’s End isn’t a compendium of quips… but rather a serious, even a philosophical study…” 
  This highlights the book’s deeper intellectual ambition.
• From an interview in The Chautauquan Daily:
  “Wise-cracking is simply calisthenics with words… jokes make you laugh, but wit makes you think.” 
  A lovely distinction—wit carries intellectual weight beyond mere amusement.

Bonus: Definition by Geary Himself

James Geary offers a memorable, actionable definition:

“Wit is the quick, instinctive intelligence that allows us to think, say or do the right thing, in the right place at the right time.” 

A pithy encapsulation of wit as both timely and intelligent action.

Summary Table: Quotes at a Glance

Quote	Insight
“Jive … makes up for the dullness of mere existence.”	Language as existential antidote
Avanlanche metaphor	Metaphor’s layered richness
“Witzelsucht…”	Neurological take on compulsive wit
“The malice… is the barb…”	Wit’s edge enhances impact
“L’esprit d’escalier…”	Late-acquired wit strikes poignantly
Pun definition	Wit’s cognitive double-take
“Perception is a habit…”	Wit breaks automatic vision
Discovery quote	The mind’s inventive potential
Definition of wit	Wit as intelligent timeliness

Let me know if you’d like more quotes from specific chapters or themes—there’s a treasure trove of cleverness in Wit’s End worth exploring!