P PSYCHOGENIC STUTTERING

Roth, Aronson & Davis's Criteria for Psychogenic Stuttering

1.      The disorder is manifest via the voluntary motor system (articulation and phonation),

2.      Bizarre quality of dysfluencies and secondary behaviors,

3.      History of stress prior to the onset of the stuttering behavior,

4.      No permanent organic changes,

5.      History of multiple somatic complaints,

6.      Presence of primary or secondary gains,

7.      A symbolic significance to the current disorder,

8.      Previous exposure to someone with a neurological disease,

9.      The presence of “la belle difference.”