Which religion is the most scientific from a scientist's view?
I think most answers here mostly address how various religions deal with science - science friendly or anti-science, but fail to answer what the OP intends to find out - how scientific are the core believes of various religions, or in other words, how the core believes of these religions conform to or collide with modern science.
I will give a try here. IMHO, the most scientific religion is Buddhism and Taoism.
Buddhism contains several core believes:
1. The world is an illusion created by our minds - such belief has striking similarity to the Copenhagen Interpretation of the Quantum Physics, the interpretation of quantum physics by the very founders of quantum physics - Niel Bohr, Heisenberg and Schrodinger, etc. A very famous physicist John Wheeler proposed the Participatory Anthropic Principle (PAP), where the observer participates in the creation of the universe. Essentially it means that the moon doesn’t exist unless some one takes a look at it or one creates the moon by looking at it.
So Buddhism and Quantum Physics both recognize that the consciousness of a human can have a physical impact on the physical world.
2. The world is ruled by causes and effects that no one can escape from - Not even Buddha himself. Difference being that ordinary folks focus on the effects while the enlightened ones focus on the causes. I guess no scientists would argue with the law of cause and effect. Buddhism just extends the law of cause and effect to social scene.
3. Reincarnation - this one is not supported by science, yet. There are some research into reincarnation and the most notable is the work by Ian Stevenson, a professor at the School of Medicine in University of Virginia and the former chair of its psychiatry department. More details can be seen here: Ian Stevenson - Wikipedia
Reincarnation is not yet supported by science because it is not repeatable and extremely difficult to confirm. There are many possible cases of reincarnation, though, some of which have been carefully documented by Professor Stevenson.
Taoism
Taoism believes that the world is made of Qi (气), some kind of energy field that is similar to the Force in the Star Wars movie. And Taoism believes that Qi and matter are the same thing - Qi can condense to form matter and matter can dissolve into Qi. Sound familiar? Yes, that is Einstein’s E=MC^2.
A bit of intro on Quantum Physics for those uninitiated
It is so far the most successful theory that we have created in terms of both practical applications and how much the experiment results corroborate with the formulas. However, scientists have yet come up with a consensus on how to interpret the formulas in quantum mechanics, or in other words, a consensus on what kind of reality/world the quantum mechanics reveal.
One very interesting thing that we have observed in the microscopic world (particle level) is that how we observe something could change the nature of something - the famous double split experiment - how a person observes the way light travels determine whether light behaves as a wave or a particle. So it confuses scientists hugely - how can the method of observation change the nature of light, or any particles (electron, proton, etc) in the micro-world? The Copenhagen Interpretation says that we can not separate the observer from the things being observed - they are one and whole. In other words, when we take a look at the moon, we and the moon are one entity and our act of looking at the moon could have physical impact on the moon… Weird, right? Niel Bohr, the founder of Quantum Physics, used to comment that if someone doesn’t find Quantum Physics confusing, then he doesn’t really understand it.
For more read on the Quantum Physics and its connection with Eastern Mystism, I’d recommend:
The Quantum Reality by Nick Herbert (Nick Herbert has a PhD in Physics from Stanford University)
The Tao of Physics by Fritjof Capra, Physcist from UC Berkeley.
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