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Here is the table in the requested format, using standard IAST transliteration for both Pāli and Sanskrit.
| Pāli (IAST) | Sanskrit (IAST) | English | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yathābhūta-ñāṇadassana | Yathābhūta-jñānadarśana | Seeing and knowing things as they truly are | Direct insight into reality without distortion by desire, fear or concepts. |
| Dukkha | Duḥkha | Suffering / unsatisfactoriness | Refers broadly to suffering, instability and the inability of conditioned things to provide lasting satisfaction. |
| Paṭicca-samuppāda | Pratītya-samutpāda | Dependent origination | Phenomena arise dependent upon conditions; explains the conditional arising of suffering. |
| Upādāna | Upādāna | Clinging / grasping | Attachment or appropriation; a crucial condition in the arising and continuation of dukkha. |
| Satipaṭṭhāna | Smṛtyupasthāna | Foundations of mindfulness | Four foundations: body, feelings, mind, and mental phenomena. |
| Ekāyano maggo | Ekāyano mārgaḥ | Direct / one-way path | A traditional expression for the direct path of mindfulness leading toward purification and liberation. |
| Sutamayā paññā | Śrutamayī prajñā | Wisdom from learning/hearing | Understanding gained through hearing, reading or studying the teachings. |
| Cintāmayā paññā | Cintāmayī prajñā | Wisdom from reflection | Understanding developed through reasoning, reflection and contemplation. |
| Bhāvanāmayā paññā | Bhāvanāmayī prajñā | Wisdom from cultivation/meditation | Experiential wisdom developed through meditative cultivation and direct observation. |
| Maraṇasati | Maraṇasmṛti | Mindfulness of death | Contemplation of death and mortality; develops urgency, awareness and detachment. |
| Upekkhā | Upekṣā | Equanimity | Balanced, impartial mental state; neither attachment nor aversion dominates the mind. |
| Sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā | Sarve saṃskārā anityāḥ | All conditioned things are impermanent | Emphasises the arising and passing away of conditioned phenomena. |
| Sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhā | Sarve saṃskārā duḥkhāḥ | All conditioned things are unsatisfactory | Conditioned phenomena cannot provide permanent, reliable satisfaction. |
| Sabbe dhammā anattā | Sarve dharmā anātmānaḥ | All phenomena are not-self | No phenomenon possesses a permanent, independent, unchanging self. |
Important distinction
The Pāli and Sanskrit terms are closely related but not always exact grammatical equivalents. For example:
Paññā (Pāli) → Prajñā (Sanskrit) = wisdom/insight
Ñāṇa → Jñāna = knowledge
Dhamma → Dharma = phenomenon, teaching, principle, etc., depending on context
Saṅkhāra → Saṃskāra = conditioned formation/fabrication
Anattā → Anātman = not-self / absence of a permanent self
Also, “Sabbe dhammā anattā” is particularly important: dhamma here is broader than merely “conditioned things,” which is why the formulation differs from “Sabbe saṅkhārā…”.
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