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EXTINCTION BURST
An extinction burst is a concept from behavioral psychology, particularly in the context of operant conditioning. It refers to a temporary increase in the frequency, intensity, or variability of a behavior when reinforcement for that behavior is removed.
How It Happens
- When a behavior that has been previously reinforced stops being rewarded, the individual (or animal) may initially respond by performing the behavior more frequently or intensely in an effort to regain the reinforcement.
- Over time, if the reinforcement is consistently withheld, the behavior typically decreases and eventually stops.
Key Characteristics
Initial Increase:
- The behavior temporarily escalates in an attempt to "force" the previous reinforcement to return.
- Example: A child who no longer gets candy for whining might whine louder or more persistently at first.
Frustration and Variability:
- The individual might try variations of the behavior or even show signs of frustration.
- Example: A rat pressing a lever that no longer dispenses food might press it repeatedly, harder, or in different ways.
Gradual Decline:
- If reinforcement is not reintroduced, the behavior will begin to decrease over time.
Examples of Extinction Bursts
- In Children: A toddler throws a tantrum when denied a toy. When the parent stops responding to tantrums, the child may initially scream louder or throw a bigger fit before eventually stopping.
- In Animals: A dog that used to get treats for begging at the table might bark or paw more vigorously when the treats stop coming.
- In Habits: A smoker trying to quit may experience stronger cravings and smoke more during the initial stages of quitting.
Practical Implications
Understanding Behavior:
- Recognizing an extinction burst can help prevent giving in to it, which would reinforce the unwanted behavior even more strongly.
- Example: If a parent gives the child the toy during a tantrum, the child learns that more extreme behavior works to get what they want.
Patience and Consistency:
- In behavior modification, consistency is key. Continuing to withhold reinforcement through the extinction burst ensures the behavior will decline over time.
Behavioral Therapies:
- Therapists working on reducing maladaptive behaviors often anticipate extinction bursts and prepare clients for them.
Connection to Daily Life
An extinction burst highlights how deeply ingrained behaviors are when tied to reinforcement. It also emphasizes the importance of persistence in breaking unwanted habits or teaching new, healthier behaviors.
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