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Here is a table summarizing the key differences between Advaita Vedanta and Neo-Advaita:
| Aspect | Advaita Vedanta | Neo-Advaita |
|---|---|---|
| Origin | Rooted in the classical teachings of the Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, and Brahmasutras, systematized by Adi Shankaracharya (8th century CE). | Emerged in the 20th century, influenced by Western interpretations of Advaita, popularized by figures like Ramana Maharshi and Nisargadatta Maharaj. |
| Philosophical Depth | Involves a detailed philosophical framework, including metaphysics, epistemology, and soteriology. | Simplifies or bypasses traditional philosophical frameworks, focusing on direct realization. |
| Methodology | Emphasizes preparatory practices (e.g., ethical living, meditation, study of scriptures) followed by self-inquiry and realization. | Often dismisses preparatory practices, advocating for immediate recognition of one’s true nature. |
| Role of the Guru | The guru plays a central role in guiding the disciple through teachings and practices. | Guru's role is often less formal, with an emphasis on pointing out the truth rather than a structured teaching. |
| Audience | Traditionally aimed at prepared, disciplined seekers who meet specific qualifications (e.g., viveka, vairagya). | Open to a broader audience, often attracting those new to spiritual inquiry. |
| View on Ignorance (Avidya) | Avidya is a key concept; ignorance of the true Self is gradually removed through knowledge and practices. | Often downplays or dismisses the concept of ignorance, asserting that realization is always present and simply needs recognition. |
| Concept of Liberation (Moksha) | Liberation is the result of realizing the unity of the Self (Atman) with Brahman through sustained inquiry and effort. | Liberation is seen as a recognition of one’s inherent state, often described as instantaneous and effortless. |
| Use of Scriptures (Shastras) | Relies heavily on traditional scriptures as authoritative sources for guidance and validation. | Minimally references scriptures, focusing on personal experience and direct pointing. |
| Emphasis on Practice | Practices like karma yoga, bhakti, and dhyana are considered essential for preparing the mind. | Often rejects formal practices, emphasizing the futility of effort in realizing the Self. |
| Criticism | Seen as rigorous and demanding, potentially inaccessible to those without preparation. A  | Criticized for oversimplification and lack of respect for traditional methodologies. A |
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