Celiac disease and hematological abnormalities in children with recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Background
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common diseases of the oral mucosa and may be related to vitamin deficiencies or systemic diseases such as coeliac disease (CD). The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of haematinic deficiency and CD in children with RAS.
Methods
The medical records of patients diagnosed with RAS were reviewed for the presence of haematinic deficiencies (haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, ferritin, vitamin B12, folic acid) and CD. The study group included 108 children with RAS and 57 healthy children who were evaluated for haematological abnormalities in routine evaluation.
Results
The frequency of a family history of RAS was significantly higher in the RAS group compared to the control group (34.2% vs. 7%, respectively; p < 0.001). A haematological abnormality was detected in 32.4% of the RAS group and 10.5% of the control group (p = 0.02). The prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia was significantly higher in the RAS group (p = 0.037). Three (2.7%) patients with RAS were diagnosed with CD, which is a significantly higher frequency than that observed in healthy children in Turkey (p < 0.01; OR 6.03, 95% CI [2.37, 4.56]). These children had mild malnutrition, iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia.
Conclusions
Children with RAS should be evaluated for nutritional status and haematological indices, and in the case of haematological abnormalities and malnutrition, screening for CD should be considered.
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