Tuesday 31 May 2016
SC
Many key aspects of life (such as ethics: what is good and what is bad, and aesthetics: what is beautiful and what is ugly) lie outside the domain of scientific inquiry (science can tell you what kind of circumstances will lead to the extinction of polar bears, or indeed of humanity; it has nothing whatever to say about whether this would be good or bad, that is not a scientific question).
POST-HUMAN
Several hours: Lights around the world begin to shut off
3 days: Most subway systems will be flooded
10 days: Pets locked indoors will die of starvation
1 month: Cooling waters will evaporate in nuclear power generators, contaminating the planet with radiation
1 year: Thousands of satellites will fall to the earth
25 years: Desert cities like Dubai and Las Vegas will be covered in sand
300 years: Metal construction such as the Eiffel Tower will begin to collapse
300 years: Whales and large sea animals will grow in population and thrive
500 years: Modern cities will be completely overgrown by vegetation
10,000 years: The only evidence that humans existed will be stone construction
3 days: Most subway systems will be flooded
10 days: Pets locked indoors will die of starvation
1 month: Cooling waters will evaporate in nuclear power generators, contaminating the planet with radiation
1 year: Thousands of satellites will fall to the earth
25 years: Desert cities like Dubai and Las Vegas will be covered in sand
300 years: Metal construction such as the Eiffel Tower will begin to collapse
300 years: Whales and large sea animals will grow in population and thrive
500 years: Modern cities will be completely overgrown by vegetation
10,000 years: The only evidence that humans existed will be stone construction
Scientists found that just a few days of treatment with an opioid led to chronic pain that went on for months.
Scientists found that just a few days of treatment with an opioid led to chronic pain that went on for months.
Monday 30 May 2016
ADOL SLEEP
Adolescents almost never get enough sleep. Teenagers are not likely to wake spontaneously on
school days, and they almost always sleep late on weekends (at least one hour later than on
weekdays, often three to five hours later). When adolescents have the opportunity to sleep as much as
they like every night, they average about nine to ten hours per night, and that is probably closer to the
optimal level for their age.
school days, and they almost always sleep late on weekends (at least one hour later than on
weekdays, often three to five hours later). When adolescents have the opportunity to sleep as much as
they like every night, they average about nine to ten hours per night, and that is probably closer to the
optimal level for their age.
5Rs OF RADIOBIOLOGY
The ‘5 Rs’ of radiobiology – radiosensitivity,
repair, redistribution, repopulation and
reoxygenation – govern the response of cell
populations to ionizing radiation. In addition to
these, normal tissue response is influenced by
tissue organization, functional reserve and the
kinetics of cellular renewal.
repair, redistribution, repopulation and
reoxygenation – govern the response of cell
populations to ionizing radiation. In addition to
these, normal tissue response is influenced by
tissue organization, functional reserve and the
kinetics of cellular renewal.
CA
Cancer arises following activating mutations of
oncogenes and/or inactivating mutations of
tumour suppressor genes.
• Oncogenesis is a multistep process involving
immortalization, growth factor autonomy,
inhibition of cell death pathways and the capacity
to invade local tissues and/or promote blood
vessel growth.
• Understanding of mechanisms of tumorigenesis
has been greatly facilitated by technological
advances, including sequence databases,
microarray analysis and gene targeting in animal
models.
• Cytogenetic analysis has identified many
oncogenes and tumour suppressors deregulated
as a result of chromosomal rearrangement.
oncogenes and/or inactivating mutations of
tumour suppressor genes.
• Oncogenesis is a multistep process involving
immortalization, growth factor autonomy,
inhibition of cell death pathways and the capacity
to invade local tissues and/or promote blood
vessel growth.
• Understanding of mechanisms of tumorigenesis
has been greatly facilitated by technological
advances, including sequence databases,
microarray analysis and gene targeting in animal
models.
• Cytogenetic analysis has identified many
oncogenes and tumour suppressors deregulated
as a result of chromosomal rearrangement.
CHILD CA
The risk that a child will develop cancer during
the first 15 years of life is between 1 in 600 and
1 in 450.
• Well established environmental risk factors
account for a very small proportion of cases.
• Obstetric irradiation may have caused 5 per cent
of childhood cancers in the past but probably
accounts for hardly any nowadays.
• Infection with Epstein–Barr virus, hepatitis B or
HIV is definitely a cause of substantial numbers
of cases in some tropical populations but
accounts for far fewer in industrialized countries.
• Infection is probably involved in the aetiology of
childhood leukaemia but its precise role remains
to be elucidated.
• Certain rare genetic conditions are associated
with childhood cancer but account for under
5 per cent of cases.
• If a child has cancer without family history then
the risk of childhood cancer in a sibling is
doubled, but virtually all the excess risk can
be accounted for by known hereditary
syndromes.
• Survival continues to increase and eventually 1 in
1000 adults will be survivors of childhood cancer.
• The risk of a second malignant neoplasm within
25 years of diagnosis of childhood cancer is about
4 per cent, but this may change and very little is
known about the risk among very long-term
survivors.
• The long-term health of survivors and the
children born to them is under investigation
the first 15 years of life is between 1 in 600 and
1 in 450.
• Well established environmental risk factors
account for a very small proportion of cases.
• Obstetric irradiation may have caused 5 per cent
of childhood cancers in the past but probably
accounts for hardly any nowadays.
• Infection with Epstein–Barr virus, hepatitis B or
HIV is definitely a cause of substantial numbers
of cases in some tropical populations but
accounts for far fewer in industrialized countries.
• Infection is probably involved in the aetiology of
childhood leukaemia but its precise role remains
to be elucidated.
• Certain rare genetic conditions are associated
with childhood cancer but account for under
5 per cent of cases.
• If a child has cancer without family history then
the risk of childhood cancer in a sibling is
doubled, but virtually all the excess risk can
be accounted for by known hereditary
syndromes.
• Survival continues to increase and eventually 1 in
1000 adults will be survivors of childhood cancer.
• The risk of a second malignant neoplasm within
25 years of diagnosis of childhood cancer is about
4 per cent, but this may change and very little is
known about the risk among very long-term
survivors.
• The long-term health of survivors and the
children born to them is under investigation
ALLERGIC RHINITIS STEP WISE RX
Mild episodic symptoms Oral nonsedating antihistamine PRN
OR
Topical antihistamine, topical cromolyn
sodium to nose, eyes or both
Moderate continuous Intranasal corticosteroid daily starting
symptoms before season
AND
Oral nonsedating antihistamine daily
with or without decongestant
Topical treatment as needed
Severe refractory Consider other diagnoses/coexisting
symptoms disease
Consider oral corticosteroid therapy for
a few days to alleviate symptoms
Immunotherapy
OR
Topical antihistamine, topical cromolyn
sodium to nose, eyes or both
Moderate continuous Intranasal corticosteroid daily starting
symptoms before season
AND
Oral nonsedating antihistamine daily
with or without decongestant
Topical treatment as needed
Severe refractory Consider other diagnoses/coexisting
symptoms disease
Consider oral corticosteroid therapy for
a few days to alleviate symptoms
Immunotherapy
MALROTN
Malrotation of the midgut with volvulus is a surgical
emergency. If not treated promptly, ischemic
gangrene of the small intestine develops rapidly. In
80% of malrotations, symptoms will develop
within the first month of life. The typical presentation
is with sudden onset of bilious vomiting with
or without bloody stools in a previously well
neonate with only minimal other physical findings.
Sometimes, pain or a shock-like syndrome is present.
The diagnosis is made by an upper GI series.
Barium enema has a 10–20% rate of false-negative
results because of normally positioned cecum.
When suspected, the infant should undergo prompt
surgical exploration and treatment.
emergency. If not treated promptly, ischemic
gangrene of the small intestine develops rapidly. In
80% of malrotations, symptoms will develop
within the first month of life. The typical presentation
is with sudden onset of bilious vomiting with
or without bloody stools in a previously well
neonate with only minimal other physical findings.
Sometimes, pain or a shock-like syndrome is present.
The diagnosis is made by an upper GI series.
Barium enema has a 10–20% rate of false-negative
results because of normally positioned cecum.
When suspected, the infant should undergo prompt
surgical exploration and treatment.
“Screen time” in front of televisions, computers, and video games should be limited to no more than 2 hours each day.
“Screen time” in front of televisions, computers, and
video games should be limited to no more than 2
hours each day.
video games should be limited to no more than 2
hours each day.
Sunday 22 May 2016
NN SEPSIS CALCULATOR
https://neonatalsepsiscalculator.kaiserpermanente.org/
| Clinical Exam | Description |
|---|---|
| Clinical Illness |
|
| Equivocal |
Note: abnormality can be intermittent
|
| Well Appearing |
No persistent physiologic abnormalities
|
Success is getting what you want. Happiness is wanting what you get."CARNEGIE
Success is getting what you want. Happiness is wanting what you get."
Thursday 19 May 2016
Childhood poverty is linked to adult cancer risk, rprt
Childhood poverty is linked to adult cancer risk, says report
Pain study links children’s fear of needles to parent behavior
Pain study links children’s fear of needles to parent behavior
PEARL-When a child changes from being irritable or lethargic to active, playful, and alert after receiving an antipyretic for their fever, you can usually be less concerned about an SBI.
PEARL-When a child changes from being irritable or lethargic to active, playful, and alert after receiving an antipyretic for their fever, you can usually be less concerned about an SBI.
or lethargic to active, playful, and alert after receiving
an antipyretic for their fever, you can usually be
less concerned about an SBI.
NAS X ROOMING IN
A coordinated, standardized NAS program safely reduced pharmacologic therapy, LOS, and hospital costs. Rooming-in with family and decreased use of NICU beds were central to achieved outcomes.
Monday 16 May 2016
TYSON-A skeptic will question claims, then embrace the evidence. A denier will question claims, then reject the evidence.
A skeptic will question claims, then embrace the evidence. A denier will question claims, then reject the evidence.
Full many a glorious morning have I seen Flatter the mountain-tops with sovereign eye, Kissing with golden face the meadows green, Gilding pale streams with heavenly alchemy;
Full many a glorious morning have I seen
Flatter the mountain-tops with sovereign eye,
Kissing with golden face the meadows green,
Gilding pale streams with heavenly alchemy;
SHKSPR
Flatter the mountain-tops with sovereign eye,
Kissing with golden face the meadows green,
Gilding pale streams with heavenly alchemy;
SHKSPR
PATRIST VS MATRIST SCTY
Patrist
1. Restrictive attitude to sex
2. Limitation of freedom for women
3. Women seen as inferior, sinful
4. Chastity more valued than welfare
5. Politically authoritarian
6. Conservative, against innovation
7. Distrust of research, enquiry
8. Inhibition, fear of spontaneity
9. Deep fear of homosexuality
10. Sex differences maximized (dress)
11. Asceticism, fear of pleasure
12. Father religion
Matrist
1. Permissive attitude to sex
2. Freedom for women
3. Women accorded high status
4. Welfare more valued than chastity
5. Politically democratic
6. Progressive, revolutionary
7. No distrust of research
8. Exhibition, spontaneity
9. Deep fear of incest
10. Sex differences minimized (dress)
11. Hedonism, pleasure welcomed
12. Mother religion
1. Restrictive attitude to sex
2. Limitation of freedom for women
3. Women seen as inferior, sinful
4. Chastity more valued than welfare
5. Politically authoritarian
6. Conservative, against innovation
7. Distrust of research, enquiry
8. Inhibition, fear of spontaneity
9. Deep fear of homosexuality
10. Sex differences maximized (dress)
11. Asceticism, fear of pleasure
12. Father religion
Matrist
1. Permissive attitude to sex
2. Freedom for women
3. Women accorded high status
4. Welfare more valued than chastity
5. Politically democratic
6. Progressive, revolutionary
7. No distrust of research
8. Exhibition, spontaneity
9. Deep fear of incest
10. Sex differences minimized (dress)
11. Hedonism, pleasure welcomed
12. Mother religion
SAHARASIA DEMEO
"Something happened around 4000 BC which forced the drying-out of this vast desert region, which I call Saharasia, and the drier conditions created social and emotional havoc among developing human agricultural societies in these same regions
It often appears that humans have a dysfunctional relationship with their environment, but healing this relationship begins simply by being present and aware of it.
It often appears that humans have a dysfunctional relationship with their environment, but healing this relationship begins simply by being present and aware of it.
Study finds ocean views are linked to better mental health
Study finds ocean views are linked to better mental health
Forget not that the earth delights to feel your bare feet and the winds long to play with your hair. ~ Khalil Gibran
Forget not that the earth delights to feel your bare feet and the winds long to play with your hair.
~ Khalil Gibran
~ Khalil Gibran
ANTHROPOCENE ME
41 percent of all amphibian species and 26 percent of all mammals will be wiped out.
Death anxiety is powerful and the concept of the soul gives a belief in immortality.
Death anxiety is powerful and the concept of the soul gives a belief in immortality.
CAROLL
First, we live in a natural world, obeying unbreakable laws. Second, that’s okay. It’s not a reason for existential despair. There’s plenty of room for us to create meaning and mattering, if we can muster the imagination and courage to do so.
SC STORY
science as a special kind of story-telling in “assertion mode.” And the story it tells — involving quivering atoms, swirling galaxies, and evolving organisms — is without a doubt the “greatest story ever told.”
QFOV BY LOP/LON
When you want to tackle questions about the fundamental nature of reality, it’s necessary to leave behind concepts of “cause and effect” and replace them with “the laws of physics.” Those laws take the form of patterns relating different parts of the universe to each other, not relationships of causality.
EVEY EFFECT DOESNT HAVE A CAUSE - NOT A QNTM EFFECT-QFOV
It’s not true that every effect has a cause! That’s just a convenient way of talking about certain features of the macroscopic world of our everyday experience, one that is not applicable to how nature works at a deeper level.
BBTBR-LEX/80
The universe is big and complicated and subtle, and we human beings are small and short-lived and not always as rational as we like to think we are
CAROLL
he Big Picture is the importance of being comfortable with “uncertainty” and “incomplete knowledge.” Unlike religion, which sees beliefs as the points of departure, science sees them as thedestinations of an ongoing journey for truth
CAROLL
We tend to talk about the world in a myriad of ways – a microscopic world of elementary particles, a biological world of organisms and evolution, a social world of morality and meaning. But it’s all the same underlying world. That’s the underlying theme of The Big Picture.
DTH X ATP
I often think about the law of physics that states "energy can neither be created nor destroyed". Assuming we possess some kind of energy that makes us "go", and I'm not just talking about ATP, metabolism, firing of neurons, etc. Where does the energy of our consciousness, thoughts, memories, and things that seem to make us "us", go if it cannot be destroyed? Or perhaps we really are just powered by ATP and the like and when we die that energy is just recycled into other things and then our organic matter is recycled. So, technically we never really do die. BUT here I am with a conscience. Who am I? Where do I go when I die? Will I experience a new consciousness or will I just cease to exist? My brain hurts.
EINSTEIN X DTH
Einstein knew this. In 1955, when his lifelong friend Michele Besso died, he wrote: ‘Now he has departed from this strange world a little ahead of me. That means nothing. People like us, who believe in physics, know that the distinction between past, present and future is only a stubbornly persistent illusion.’
G/MTHR DTH 1983
So what happened to your great-grandmother after she died? To start with – since time doesn’t exist – there is no ‘after death’, except the death of her physical body in your now. Since everything is just nows, there is no absolute space/time matrix for her energy to dissipate – it’s simply impossible for her to have ‘gone’ anywhere.
"Naturalism says there’s only the natural world. There are no spirits, no deities, or anything else."
"Naturalism says there’s only the natural world. There are no spirits, no deities, or anything else."
AWE VS WONDER
I talk about the difference between awe and wonder. We often group them together. Awe makes you think about being so impressed with the world, that you don’t know what to do. You let it wash over you. Wonder is connotation, a feeling that this is amazing and I want to understand it better. I want readers to know that the world is understandable. We are not there yet, but it’s not a fundamental mystery.
SC X CAROLL
The fact that science is not a list of particular facts or theories. Science is a way of getting knowledge. It’s a method. It’s a method that really relies on making mistakes. We propose ideas, they are usually wrong, and we test them against the data. Scientists do this in a formal way. It’s a way that everyone can go through life, that’s how we should be teaching science from a very young age.
CAROLL
despite appearances to the contrary in our everyday life, this world we live in is governed by laws that don’t have goals or purpose that are not sustained by anything outside the world. It is just stuff obeying the laws of physics over and over again. The other thread is that that is OK. The fact that you were not put here for any purpose, that we are collections of atoms that always obey the laws of physics is not reason to despair that life is meaningless.
POETIC NATURALISM
SCIENCE AND RELIGION have never gotten along very well. But both strive to answer one fundamental question: What does it mean to be human? Are we here thanks to a random sequence of events—just an organized blob of mud—or destined to follow a path laid down for us by a higher power? There is a middle path, though, that borrows elements from both systems of thought—a way of understanding the world that gives our inner lives and the universe meaning without a theistic belief system.
Maybe You’re Not an Atheist–Maybe You’re a Naturalist
Maybe You’re Not an Atheist–Maybe You’re a Naturalist
SUN DTHING
Life on Earth will have disappeared long before 7.6 billion years," says Smith, "Scientists have shown that the Sun's slow expansion will cause the temperature at the surface of the Earth to rise. Oceans will evaporate, and the atmosphere will become laden with water vapor, which (like carbon dioxide) is a very effective greenhouse gas. Eventually, the oceans will boil dry and the water vapor will escape into space. In a billion years from now the Earth will be a very hot, dry and uninhabitable ball."
HAWKING X ABANDON EARTH
The planet is heating up, Earth's population is expanding at an exponential rate, and the the natural resources vital to our survival are running out faster than we can replace them with sustainable alternatives. Even if the human race manages not to push itself to the brink of nuclear extinction, it is still a foregone conclusion that our aging sun will expand and swallow the Earth in roughly 7.6 billion years.
SPIRIT X QNTM
WITHIN QFT, there can't be a new collection of "spirit particles" and "spirit forces" that interact with our regular atoms, because we would have detected them in existing experiments. Ockham's razor is not on your side here, since you have to posit a completely new realm of reality obeying very different rules than the ones we know
QNTM FIELD THEORY
QNTM FIELD THEORY
AFTERLF X LON X LOP
the laws of physics underlying everyday life are completely understood, and there's no way within those laws to allow for the information stored in our brains to persist after we die. If you claim that some form of soul persists beyond death, what particles is that soul made of? What forces are holding it together? How does it interact with ordinary matter?
AFTRLF-GREEN CHEESE ON MOON
Our conviction that green cheese makes up a negligible fraction of the Moon's interior comes not from direct observation, but from the gross incompatibility of that idea with other things we think we know. Given what we do understand about rocks and planets and dairy products and the Solar System, it's absurd to imagine that the Moon is made of green cheese. We know better.
"simply is no controlled, experimental[ly] verifiable information" regarding life after death
"simply is no controlled, experimental[ly] verifiable information" regarding life after death
Naturalism is the viewpoint that everything arises from natural causes and that there is no supernatural realm.
Naturalism is the viewpoint that everything arises from natural causes and that there is no supernatural realm.
Sean Carroll says: There is just no such thing as God, or ghosts, or human souls that reside outside of the body. Everything in existence belongs to the natural world and is accessible to science, he argues
Sean Carroll says: There is just no such thing as God, or ghosts, or human souls that reside outside of the body. Everything in existence belongs to the natural world and is accessible to science, he argues
Friday 13 May 2016
EXTREME PREM X MAT DM
extremely preterm infants, infants of mothers with IBP had higher risks of necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, and small head circumference.
IBP=INSULIN USE BEFORE PREGNANCY
IBP=INSULIN USE BEFORE PREGNANCY
BURNS X NAI
In accidental burns, the head, neck, anterior trunk and arms are the most often affected. In cases of abuse, hands, legs, feet and buttocks were more likely to be involved. The anterior aspect of the hand was more likely to be involved in accidental burns and the dorsum of the hand was more likely involved in abuse cases
Studies—especially small ones—need validation before they are genaralizeable yet the incentives for performing these studies are small
Studies—especially small ones—need validation before they are genaralizeable yet the incentives for performing these studies are small
FEB NEUT ONC PT-A positive PCR for RV at admission was significantly associated with the presence of respiratory symptoms.
A positive PCR for RV at admission was significantly associated with the presence of respiratory symptoms.
RV=RESP VIRUSES
RV=RESP VIRUSES
inflammation caused by anti-NMDAR antibodies was reported in association with cases of neurologic relapse after HSE.
inflammation caused by anti-NMDAR antibodies was reported in association with cases of neurologic relapse after HSE.
Experts have long known that prolonged exposure to ultraviolet A (UV-A) rays can raise the odds for skin cancer and cataracts.
Experts have long known that prolonged exposure to ultraviolet A (UV-A) rays can raise the odds for skin cancer and cataracts.
While windshield windows tended to offer good protection against UV-A, protection was lower and inconsistent for the side windows of cars, the study findings showed.
While windshield windows tended to offer good protection against UV-A, protection was lower and inconsistent for the side windows of cars, the study findings showed.
BRUE, ALTE AND BLOOD M2 MUSCARINIC RECPTORS
Blood levels of M2 muscarinic receptors are much higher in infants who experience idiopathic apparent life-threatening events (ALTEs) than in other infants, researchers from France report.
CHILD PERS ASTHMA X COPD
Persistent childhood asthma may be linked to earlier development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), according to results from the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) study published in the May 12 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine
In places like Sweden, partial socialism seems to work because the remaining capitalism pays its bills.
In places like Sweden, partial socialism seems to work because the remaining capitalism pays its bills.
1900 the Austrian physician Karl Landsteiner first discovered blood types, winning the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research in 1930.
1900 the Austrian physician Karl Landsteiner first discovered blood types, winning the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research in 1930.
AGING-Life is like a layover airport and not our final destination. Who wants to wait forever for a plane?
Life is like a layover airport and not our final destination. Who wants to wait forever for a plane?
AGING
obvious rebuttal to a thermodynamic argument for the inevitability of aging is that the human body is not a closed system. It is very difficult to fix the clutter of a billion years of evolution,
AGING
laws of physics to create self-repairing systems that use energy to preserve themselves indefinitely, remaking or repairing parts as necessary - and digital information can be preserved, indefinitely, similarly.
aging is entropy (as we might intuitively expect): so how about life itself? If we can understand aging as the 2nd Law in action - it perhaps also helps us to understand how this inevitable decay and disorder is postponed and defied.
aging is entropy (as we might intuitively expect): so how about life itself? If we can understand aging as the 2nd Law in action - it perhaps also helps us to understand how this inevitable decay and disorder is postponed and defied.
AGING
The scientific literature is full of explanations for aging: Protein aggregation, DNA damage, inflammation, telomeres. But these are the biological responses to an underlying cause, which is accumulating damage through thermal and chemical degradation.
DTHING
Eliminating cancer or Alzheimer’s disease would improve lives, but it would not make us immortal, or even allow us to live significantly longer.
AGING
What is the origin of this exponential increase? Thermal motion is not the only source of damage in our cells. Some regular processes, especially metabolism in our mitochondria, are not perfect and tend to produce radicals—highly reactive atoms that can damage DNA. Together, thermal noise and free radical production constitute a background risk of cell damage. The damage is usually repaired, or, if a cell is deemed beyond repair, the cell is induced to commit suicide—a process called apoptosis. Usually, a stem cell replaces it.
literate population, which is a good proxy for how many people can be online, it’s about 700-800 million,” a Facebook employee who worked on the company’s plans for India
literate population, which is a good proxy for how many people can be online, it’s about 700-800 million,” a Facebook employee who worked on the company’s plans for India
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