A
Here’s a bullet-point gist of the passage you shared on SAT, ASAT, MITHYA, and Definitions (Lakshanam):
1. SAT
Meaning: “That which remains the same always.”
Characteristics:
Unchangeable, eternal, indestructible, ever-present.
Cannot be denied from any perspective.
Exists even if the universe dissolves.
Essence: Absolute reality.
2. ASAT
Meaning: That which does not exist at all.
Characteristics:
Never was, never is, never will be.
Exists only in imagination, not in reality.
Classical examples:
SONAR PATHOR BATI
Horns of a hare or human being
Essence: Pure nonexistence.
3. MITHYA
Meaning: Temporary or apparent existence, false until knowledge dawns.
Characteristics:
Neither eternal (SAT) nor nonexistent (ASAT).
Exists conditionally while ignorance persists.
“Apparently real,” like a snake superimposed on a rope.
Example:
The world is Mithya: real to perception, false when true knowledge arises.
Essence: Superimposition on the Truth; becomes recognized as a projection of the Self.
4. Analogy
Rope–snake analogy:
Snake (illusion) appears over rope (reality).
Once true knowledge arises, the snake disappears; the rope is always there.
Application to the world:
World appears real, but with knowledge, it is seen as a projection of one’s own Self.
5. Definition (Lakshanam)
Sanskrit: Lakshanam = that which indicates or points out.
Function: Differentiates one thing from another; clarifies “This is it.”
Types:
Swarupa Lakshanam: Definition by the essential nature of a thing.
Reveals the essential mark or quality that makes the thing what it is.
[Other types not included in your excerpt, presumably Vishesha and Samanya Lakshanam]
✅ Summary Insight:
SAT = eternal truth
ASAT = absolute nonexistence
MITHYA = apparent, conditional reality
Lakshanam = precise definition to discern essence
If you want, I can make a diagram/chart showing SAT, ASAT, MITHYA, and Lakshanam types with examples and visual analogies for easier understanding.
Do you want me to do that?
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