SENECA X STOIC X SPANISH ORIGIN

.[H]e who has a desire or an aversion for things which are not within his power can be neither faithful nor free, but is forced to shift around and suffer being inflamed... and he is forced to be obedient to other people who have the power to give or deny those things to him

"The Stoics defined the main emotions as grief, fear, desire and pleasure.  They regarded them as being essentially errors of judgement, just as they regarded the virtues as consisting of correct knowledge.  Avarice, for example, is the irrational misjudgement that money is a good in itself.

"The Stoics taught that there are four primary virtues from which all the others flow: prudence, courage, temperance and justice.  (They got this theory of the four primary virtues from Plato – it later ended up influencing Christian moral thinking.)  There was a corresponding set of vices – imprudence, cowardice, and so on.

"The philosopher Diogenes of Babylon summed up the essence of Stoicism when he said that the telos of human life is to act rationally in choosing those things which are in accordance with Nature.

 

"A key theme in Greek philosophy is the telos – the “end” or “objective”.  Not unnaturally, philosophers thought that part of their task was to uncover the telos of human life, in much the same way as Monty Python or Deep Thought in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.  Philosophers from Aristotle onwards came up with the answer that the telos of humanity is something called eudaimonia."