For the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2017, Dr Afshin and colleagues assessed 1990-2017 data on adults aged 25 years and older from 195 countries. Their analysis included estimates of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to diet for multiple disease outcomes, including cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Of all diet-related deaths around the world, 10 million were due to CVD. Diet-related deaths were also commonly caused by cancers and type 2 diabetes (n = 913,090 and 338,714, respectively).
Among 21 GBD regions, Oceana was found to have the highest age-standardized rates of all diet-related deaths and DALYs (678 deaths per population of 100,000 and 17,804 DALYs per population of 100,000). Diet-related deaths and DALYs were lowest for Asia Pacific and Australasia, respectively.
In the United States, the top dietary risk factor for deaths and DALYs was underconsumption of whole grains. This trend was also observed in countries including India, Pakistan, Russia, and Germany, among others. In other countries, top dietary risk factors for deaths and DALYs included:
- High sodium intake in China, Japan, and Thailand
- Low fruit intake in Bangladesh
- Low consumption of nuts and seeds in Mexico
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